Osmosis – movement of water molecules from an area where there is more H2O -> less water through a selectively permeable membrane Isotonic Solution – same amount of solute as that found inside the cell – water moves in and out at equal rate Animal Cell Isotonic – no change Read more…
bio macromolecules and their building blocks … what is the biomacromolecule of alcohol? –O H- CARBS AND STERAL LIPIDS WHAT IS THE MACRO MOLECULE OF AMINOS? NH2 PROTEINS WHAT IS THE MACRO OF CARBOXYL? -C -OH ALSO PROTEINS WHAT IS THE MACRO OF CARBONYL? -C- CARBOHYDRATE PHOSPHATE HO-P-OH NUCLEIC ACID Read more…
Compare the structure of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. A monosaccharide is a monomer of carbohydrates. 2 monosaccharides can combine to form a double sugar, or a disaccharide. A polysaccharide is a complex molecule composed of 3 or more monosaccharides. How are proteins constructed from amino acids? Amino acids link together Read more…
What is the normal range of glucose levels? 70-100mg/dL Describe the source of glucagon and insulin and what causes the release of each hormone •Alpha cells produce glucagon in response to low glucose •Beta cells produce insulin in response to high glucose 1. Most tissues go through glycolysis in order Read more…
biochemistry the chemical composition of living matter macromolecules composed of long chains of building blocks called monomers organic compounds carbon-containing compounds carbon the backbone of all chemical compounds; when burned turns black, can bond as many as 4 atoms carbohydrates include sugars and starches, main source of energy for all Read more…
What are the 6 classes of proteins and the location/function of proteins in each? 1) Structural- hair, cell cytoskeleton 2) Contractile- muscle, motile cells 3) Defense- antibodies, membranes proteins 4) Transport- hemoglobin, membrane proteins 5) Signalling- hormones 6) Enzymatic- regulate the speed of a biochemical reaction (yeah, I know it’s Read more…
Proteins – linear polymers of amino acids – peptide bond formation enables protein formation Size of a protein 50 to >30 000 amino acids Protein Formation: 1. Condensation reaction 2. Covalent bond (shares electrons) 3. No rotation around the bond 4. Atoms are co-planar 5. Restricts the possible folding patterns Read more…
Carbohydrate any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things monosaccharide a simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate disaccharide A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. polysaccharide a complex molecule Read more…
What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth? Cellulose Besides water, what other substance makes up most of the cell? Carbon-based molecules (a.k.a Hydrocarbons) Carbon has how many outer electrons? Four Because carbon has four outer electrons, it can form ___________ bonds by sharing these electrons. covalent Carbon and Read more…
Vitamin A (Retinol) Antioxidant; constituent of *visual pigments* (retinal): essential for normal differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissues (pancreatic cells, mucus-secreting cells); prevent squamous metaplasia. Used to treat measles and AML subtype M3 Found in liver and leafy vegetables. Vitamin A Deficiency Night blindness (nyctalopia) Dry, scaly skin (xerosis Read more…
Alanine 3 Letter: Ala 1 Letter: A Arginine 3: Arg 1: R Asparagine 3: Asn 1: N Aspartic acid 3: Asp 1: D Cysteine 3: Cys 1: C Glutamine 3: Gln 1: Q Glutamic acid 3: Glu 1: E Glycine 3: Gly 1: G Histidine 3: His 1: H Isoleucine Read more…
What is a polar molecule? A polar molecule is a molecule with both a positive and negative charge Adhesion Water molecules stick to other substances Cohesion Water molecules stick to each other Surface tension Property allowing liquid to resist external Force Universal solvent Water is capable of dissolving more substances Read more…
DNA is a type of _____________ nucleic acid __________ are found in virtually all cells Nucleic acids What is the function of nucleic acids? To encode heritable information and pass it on from generation to generation What three things make up nucleotides? Phosphate, pentose sugar, and pyrimidine or purine base Read more…
Overview of serotonin Research has revealed a link between OCD and insufficient levels of serotonin. Serotonin plays a role in the regulation of mood, aggression, impulse control, sleep, appetite, body temperature and pain. Evidence for this comes from the observation that antidepressant drugs can relieve the symptoms of OCD. Selective Read more…
The citric acid cycle has two other names: Tricarboxylic acid cycle, Kreb’s cycle Which of the following is(are) not involved in krebs cycle? Pryruvate and Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate In biochemistry, cellular respiration is that cells consume O2 and produce CO2. It occurs in four major stages, and in the second stage, Read more…
isotonic when the concentrations of ECF (extracellular fluid) are the same as the ICF (intracellular fluid) hypotonic there is more water than solute in the environment hypertonic there is more solute than water in the environment ATP adenosine triphosphate carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids 4 compounds of life required Read more…
What is biology The study of living things What is a monosaccaride One sugar What is the function of carbs Store and release energy Provide the least amount of energy but the easiest to break down What 3 groups are carbs classified into? Monosaccharides-one sugar(glucose, galactose, fructose Disaccharide- Simple sugars(2 Read more…
carbon the main element in all organic molecules; often links to itself, forming chains/branched molecules/rings organic something is _____ if it contains C [except NOT CO2] hydrocarbon chain of carbon with hydrogens located on periphery of molecule functional group a portion of a molecule that behaves in predictable ways and Read more…
organic compounds contain carbon inorganic compounds do not contain carbon cohesion water sticks to itself adhesion water sticks to other things function of carbohydrates energy carbohydrates polymers made of simple sugars glucose C6H12O6 glucose primary source of energy disaccharide must be broken down before they can be absorbed by blood Read more…
Saccharides is synonymous to: Carbohydrates What is the base formula of carbohydrates, from which they got their name? (CH₂O)n think of them as hydrates of (H₂O) of carbon (C) where C>2… N is some integer, which gives them a factor to multiply in What are three functions that carbohydrates can Read more…