Discovery of chemical messengers – 1921 – Otto Loewi – acetylcholine and adrenaline (epinephrine) – Frog hearts Accelerates the heartbeat in amphibians Adrenaline Accelerates the heartbeat in mammals Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) Acetylcholine – motor system stimulant – slows heartbeat through release by vagus nerve (atropine blocks ACh) Manufacturing of Neurotransmitters – Read more…
syndrome A set of related conditions. True or False? Most people who suffer from mental illness are dangerous. False: Most people who suffer from mental illness are not dangerous to others or even themselves. True or False? Mental disorders are relatively rare, and most families are free of mental disorders. Read more…
Psychoactive drugs: Basic Definition Mind altering substances that change the brain’s neurochemistry (marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, opiates) Drug effects -The effects of a particular drug depends on which neurotransmitter system it activates (e.g., methamphetamine acts on the dopamine system) Stimulants -Increase behavioral and mental activity -Neurotransmitter: Dopamine (examples: amphetamines, nicotine, Read more…
exogenous arising from outside the body neurochemistry a branch of neuroscience concerned with the fundamental chemical composition of the nervous system neuropharmacology scientific field concerned with the discovery and study of compounds that selectively affect the functioning of the nervous system amine neurotransmitters a neurotransmitter based on modification of a Read more…
Wake EEG: fast, low voltage; alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-40 Hz, low amp) waves EOG: rapid eye movement EMG characteristics: high muscle tone Behavioral characteristics: Awake Stage 1 EEG: slowing EEG, rhythms (4-8 Hz) EOG: no eye mvmt EMG characteristics: some muscle tone Behavioral characteristics: drowsy Stage 2 EEG: Read more…
Neuroscience The scientific study of the nervous system Four major themes of the textbook 1) thinking creatively about biopsychology 2) clinical implactions 3) the evolutionary perspective 4) neuroplasticity Biopsychology The scientific study of the biology of behavior Critical Thinking The ability to evaluate scientific claims by identifying omissions or weaknesses Read more…
In development, neuronal proliferation occurs at the ___________ _____. Additionally, ______ _________ occurs within, with ________ occurring at the ______ ________. subventricular zone cell division mitosis basal membrane The peak of mouse neural development is at about ____ days. This is a good time to do what? 14 harvest primary Read more…
What are some biological challenges that neurons have to overcome? – need to extend long processes – need to conduct signals over long distances – need to convey information in a polarized unidirectional manner (from sensory to motor components) What are some short-range signaling mechanisms used in the nervous system? Read more…