Radioactivity The process by which nuclei emit particles and rays Radiation The penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source Radioisotopes An isotope that had an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay Alpha particle A positively charged particle emitted from certain radioactive nuclei; it consists of two protons and Read more…
nucleon a constituent (proton or neutron) of an atomic nucleus nuclide a general term for a specific isotope of an element mass defect the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of the atom’s protons, neutrons, and electrons albert einstien E=MC2—>Theory of relitivity, Manhattan Read more…
Alpha Particle Nuclear particle that is equal to helium nucleus, ⁴₂He Becquerel (Bq) Unit of activity = 1 disintegration per second Beta Particle electron particle = ⁰₋₁e, forms in the nucleus with a neutron charge with a proton and electron. Chain Reaction fission reaction caused by a neutron hitting a Read more…
what happens during a nuclear reactions the nucleus opens and the protons and neutrons are rearranged binding energy energy that is released from the nucleus and holds it together during a nuclear reaction what does the nuclei consist of protons and neutrons called nucleons isotope atoms with the same atomic Read more…
nucleons Means nucleus (made up of protons and neutrons) Three main types of radiation alpha – beta – gamma Sheet of paper/clothing can stop this kind of radation (least penetrating) Alpha Type of radation that can be stopped by a piece of wood Beta Type of radiation that can be Read more…
What causes a nucleus to become unstable? – A change in neutrons and/or too much neutrons (after element 83, all elements are radioactive). > Band of Stability (graph with number of neutrons vs. atomic number). – Because of this excess, the nucleus breaks apart, or decays. What is radioactivity? – Read more…
Chemical Reactions occur between what Different atoms Nuclear reactions occur between what Within one atom Reactions effect on atoms in chemical reactions Rearranged with other atoms Reactions effect on atoms in nuclear reactions Atom is converted into an atom of another element Valence electrons Only involved in chemical reactions Nucleus Read more…
Orbital cloud of probability (where an electron could be) *not a path s, p, d, f orbitals different shapes of orbitals s can hold 2 electrons p – 6 d – 10 f – 14 Heisenberg Uncertainty you cannot know exactly where it is and how fast it is going Read more…
Nucleons Particles in the nucleus (protons and neutrons) Nuclear Chemistry Study of reactions that are caused by a change in the nucleus of an atom Radioactive atom Nucleus decays spontaneously and emits radiation (energy and/or particles) to form a more stable substance/element. Radioisotope An isotope of an element that is Read more…
alpha decay A form of radioactive decay in which an atom emits an alpha particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons. Written as ⁴₂He ²⁺ fission A large atom is shot with a neutron, splitting it into two, smaller atoms and producing radioactive particles fission can be harnessed to Read more…
mass defect difference between the actual mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of all of an atom’s parts caused by the conversion of mass to energy upon formation of the nucleus greater the mass defect = more stable nuclear binding energy energy released when a nucleus Read more…
Alpha radiation A type of ionizing radiation consisting of helium nuclei. Band of stability The area where stable nuclei are found on a neutron versus proton plot. Beta radiation A type of ionizing radiation consisting of fast moving electrons. Chain reaction Any reaction in which one of the products becomes Read more…
Alpha Helium cation. Beta High speed electron. Gamma High energy electromagnetic radiation and photon. Isotope Atoms of a given element having a different number of neutrons. Neutron No charge. Nucleus The nucleus of an atom is positively charged. -> Protons (Positively charged) -> Neutrons (No charge) Radioactive Decay Process by Read more…
Radioactive or unstable Nuclei that emit some form of radiation. A nucleus that does this is an unstable nucleus. What determines the stability? The proton : neutron ratio determines the stability. If an atom is outside the stability band, it’s… Unstable There are no stable elements beyond atomic # __. Read more…
electrons part of atom most a part of chemical reactions nucleus part of atom most a part of nuclear reactions strong nuclear force a powerful force of attraction that acts on the neutrons and protons in the nucleus, holding them together Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity accidentally from the effect of Read more…
Nuclear reactions Rxns involving changes to the nucleus of an atom as opposed to its electrons Strong nuclear force The force that holds the nucleus together despite the fact that protons are repelling each other Radioactive These types of substance have an unstable nucleus that will undergo decay because they Read more…
law of conservation of mass States that matter can be neither destroyed nor created during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes law of definite proportions The fact that a chemical compounds contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the size of the sample or Read more…
Things to consider while studying this unit 1) I give the simple definition at the top, usually followed by examples or explanations. I put more detail than usual because I’m not there to answer questions. I want you to have an explanation if you need one. 2) You may always Read more…
Transmutation The change in the identity of an isotope due to a change in the number of its protons Alpha Decay definition When an isotope loses a particle with a 2 proton and a mass of 4 Beta Decay definition When an isotope gains a proton through the loss of Read more…
Mass defect the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons Nuclear binding energy the energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons Nucleon a proton or neutron Nuclide the general term for any isotope of any element; Read more…