nuclear fission the splitting of a heavy nucleus into a lighter nuclei (involves a lot of energy) nuclear fusion the combination of light nuclei to produce a heavier nucleus (ENORMOUS energy release) radioactivity natural nuclear decay: nuclei whose neutron- proton ratio is unstable, undergo radioactivity decay by emitting 1 or Read more…
Background Radiation 3/4 of all exposure to radiation comes from Irradiation such as X-Rays about 1/4 of radiation comes from Ionizing radiation Removing electrons from molecules to form ions Free Radicals when molecules splinter into neural fragments White blood cells & bone marrow fastest growing cells and tissues and affected Read more…
radioactivity emission of high-energy radiation from the nucleus of an atom nuclide nucleus of an isotope transmutation process of changing one element into another via nuclear decay Why do nuclides decay? to obtain a stable ratio of neutrons to protons alpha particles made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, have Read more…
Proton location Nucleus Proton mass 1 amu Proton charge +1 Nuclear symbol 1P 1 Neutron location Nucleus Neutron mass 1 amu Neutron charge Neutron symbol 1n 0 Electron location Energy level or outside nucleus Electron mass About 0 Electron charge -1 Electron symbol 0e -1 Beta particle symbol β Beta Read more…
Cell the smallest unit of life that displays all the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane Cell Theory one of the major theories of biology, which states that all organisms are made up of cells; cells are capable of self-reproduction and come only from preexisting Read more…
isotopes atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons radioactivity the process by which an unstable nucleus gives off nuclear radiation radioisotopes an isotope that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay radiation energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves Read more…
1. Radioactivity The process in which some substances spontaneously emitt radiation 2. radiation The rays and particles emitted by the radioactive material 3. nuclear reaction A reaction that involves a change in the atoms nucleus 4. radioactive decay A spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation Read more…
Alpha particles Positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neurons. Beta particles Electron emitted by an unstable nucleus Gamma radiation Penetrating ray of energy emitted by unstable nucleus. Radioactivity/Radioactive decay Process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy. Background radiation Radiation that occurs Read more…
atomic number number of protons, charge of nucleus mass number number of protons & neutrons alpha decay 4/2 He least penetrating largest mass beta decay 0/-1 e gamma decay 0/0 y most penetrating smallest mass electron capture taking in of a decay particle rather than forming one positive emmission 0/+1 Read more…
arithmetic 算術 average 一般的 beam 光線 calculate 計算 calculation (n) 估算；精算 calculator (n.10)計算機 CD/compact disk n.雷射唱片、光碟 Chemistry 化學 clone 複製的生物 code 密碼 compute (v)計算;估算 digital adj. 數位的；數字的 download v. 下載 DVD 數位影音光碟 electric (adj.) 電的，用電的 electricity n.電 electronic (adj.10)電子的 email 電子郵件 engine n. 引擎 escalator 手扶梯 experiment 實驗 fax 傳真 Read more…
1) How does a nuclear reaction differ from a chemical reaction? • Nuclear reactions change an element into a completely different element AND produce massive amounts of energy. 2) In terms of atomic structure, what makes a nucleus unstable? • The ratio of protons to neutrons is wrong; it is Read more…
Chemical Reactions Involves valence electrons, Elements rearranged to form new compounds, Law of conservation of mass obeyed, Little energy released. Nuclear Reactions *Changes occur in the nucleus; involves protons, neutrons, and electrons. *Transmutation occurs (one element turns into another) *Law is not always obeyed. Mass is changed into energy. *Lots Read more…
Gamma rays High energy electromagnetic waves emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited state to a ground energy state Positron A particle that has the same mass as an electron but has a positive charge, and is emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay. Read more…
Marie curie and pierre curie Shied that rays emitted by the uranium atoms caused the fogging of the plates Radioactucuty Process of the fog Material that gives off suck rays Radiation Penetrating rays and particles emitted by radioactive source Nuclear reactions differ from chemical reactions Chem reaction: atoms tend to Read more…
List 3 differences between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction – nuclei split – involve large energy changes -atoms are converted into other atoms What is phosphorescence Emission of light after being exposed to sunlight also “glow-in-the-dark” What uranium ore did the Curies work with Pitchblende The Curies later Read more…
Nuclear chemistry • study of radiation and processes producing it • radiation is the emission of energetic particles • involves changing the nuclei of atoms Antoine-Henri Becquerel • uranium crystals on black paper that wraps a photographic plate • upon developing the plate, the photographic plate was exposed • uranic Read more…
Energy : Chemical vs. Nuclear -chemical energy is associated with making and breaking chemical bonds -nuclear energy is enormous in comparison -nuclear energy is due to changes in the nucleus of atoms changing them into different atoms Radioactivity -stable nucleus remains intact, but great majority of nuclei are unstable -> Read more…
nuclear reactions they are a result of interactions in the nucleus with protons and neutrons nuclear chemistry deals with (blank) the nuclei of atoms breaking apart atoms are continuously undergoing (blank) decay radioactive decay nucleus spontaneously breaks down into a lighter nucleus particles undergo radioactive decay in order to achieve Read more…
Explain how unstable nuclei releases energy. An unstable nucleus releases energy by emitting radiation during the process of radioactive decay. What is the change in atomic number with each type of radiation? Alpha Particle – Decreases atomic number by 2. Beta Particle – Increases its atomic number by 1. Gamma Read more…
Atomic nuclei are made up of Protons and Neutrons Protons and neutrons are collectively called nucleons Nuclide An atom in nuclear chemistry, identified by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus How to identify a nuclide 1. Name of element and mass number (nucleons in nucleus) How to Read more…