Organic Chemistry

Aromatic Halogenation Aromatic Sulfonation Fuming sulfuric Acid (SO₃/H₂SO₄) + Heat Aromatic Nitration Nitric and Sulfuric acids (H₂SO₄/HNO₃), nitronium intermediate Aromatic Acylation (Friedel-crafts) Carbocation electrophile (usually acyl) is incorporated into aromatic ring, catalyzed by AlCl₃ Activating Groups ortho/para-directing NH₂>NR₂>OH>NHCOR>OR>OCOR>R Deactivating Groups (para) F>Cl>Br>I Deactivating (Meta) (e⁻ withdrawing): NO₂>SO₃H>carbonyl, COOH, COOR, COR, Read more…

H+,H20 reduces an alkene to an alocohol will do hydride shifts 1.Hg(Oac)2,THF/H2O 2. NaBh4 reduces an alkene to an alcohol, with no hydride shifts 1. BH3 2. NaOH H2O2 reduces an alkene to an alcohol at the very end of the molecule H2,, Pd/C, BaSO4 reduces an alkyne to a Read more…