mineral naturally occuring, solid Earth matieral that has formed by geologic processes; building blocks of the rocks that form the solid framework of Earth’s crust geochemistry the study of the chemistry of the earth, of atoms and elements of importance to geologic processes; isotope two atoms of the same element Read more…
What is the definition of minerals? Naturally occurring, Inorganic, Solid, Ordered internal molecular structure, Definite chemical composition What is the definition of a rock? A solid aggregate or mass of minerals What is the chemistry of minerals? Atoms, Charged atoms (ions), and Isotopes What consist of an atom? Protons, neutrons, Read more…
finger nail hardness 2.5 steel nail hardness 5.0 glass plate hardness 5.5 Cleavage the tendency of a mineral to split consistently along certain planes where the atoms are weakly bonded. Fracture – no definite planes of weakness in the bonding of the atoms so the mineral just breaks along irregular Read more…
Mantle fairly dense rock in the middle Core Heavy metals (Nickel, iron) outer layer: liquid inner layer: solid create magnetic field Crust Thin outer layer rose to top Less dense but thick= Continental More dense but thin= Oceanic Lithosphere Crust + upper mantle cool/stiff layers Asthenosphere Below, Mushy, hot Divergent Read more…
geology study of earths physical features, processes, and history why study geology? -controls distribution of mineral resources -controls location of many geological hazards earths internal layering -CRUST:thin outer layer rose to top -fairly dense rock stayed in the middle:MANTLE -heavy metals sank to the CORE(iron and nickel) true layers were Read more…
Igneous Rock formation Solidification of melt- heat prevents them from completely forming- 650- 1200 Extrusive Above earths surface heat is lost rapidly Intrusive Melt infuses already formed rocks Volatiles Interfere atomic bonds Flux melting Melting with volatiles Magma groups Felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultramafic Aphanitic Small minerals- extrusive Phaneritic Easily visible Read more…
geology the study of Earth’s physical features, processes, and history core Earth’s center. Consists mostly of iron, solid in the inside and molten in the outer area. mantle surrounds the core. Made up of dense, elastic rock. A portion of the upper area is called the asthenosphere and contains soft, Read more…
Identify the two groups of minerals Silicates- Contains silicon and oxygen – 90% of earth’s crust – Combine with elements such as Al, Fe, Mg, and K Non-Silicates- Do not contain combination of Si and O – May contain C, O, F, S – Classes of Non-Silicates – Native elements: Read more…
True or False: We are living during the third largest extinction event in geologic history? True A pair of metamorphic rocks with biochemical origins are: Marble and Anthracite Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified (named) based on the: Grain sizes of the detrial particles. The appearance and rapid proliferation of hard Read more…
Coltan Tantalite found with another mineral (columbite), used in cell phones Geology The study of earth’s history through its rocks, soils, and sediments – In the LITHOSPHERE. Includes the physical features and characteristics, and physical processes Rock Cycle Sequence of events in which rocks are formed, destroyed, altered, and reformed Read more…
ionic bond oppositely charged ions attract to produce a neutral chemical compound- weak (velcro) covalent bond sharing of electrons to achieve a stable atomic structure- strong (rope) metallic bond electrons are shared between all atoms van der waals bond opposite charges occuring on opposite sides of a sheet- weak (usually Read more…
Theory When a hypothesis has survived scrutiny against competing models: Lithosphere Name the layer that is the upper most portion of the mantle where the tectonic plates float upon: Alfred Wegener Father of the theory of plate tectonics: Athenosphere “Lower” section of the mantle: Transform boundary In plate tectonics, when Read more…
Minerals Naturally occurring, inorganic, and crystalline solid wit a definite chemical composition and physical properties ________ are made of minerals Rocks Atomic number Number of protons in the nucleus Atomic mass number Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus Isotopes same element; different number of neutrons giving the atom Read more…
occur naturally, inorganic, solid, orderly internal structure, definite chemical compostion What are the 5 characteristics something must have in order to be a mineral? all minerals are rocks Are all rocks minerals or vv? solid, created naturally two characteristics something must have in order to be a rock? made up Read more…
Color The easiest and often first step to mineral identification Streak The color a mineral is when it is broken up and powered Streak Catch Only works for minerals softer than the streak plate Luster Amount of light reflected off a mineral’s surface Hardness How resistant a mineral is to Read more…
Albite NaAlSi3O8 Anhydrite CaSO4 Augite (Pyroxene) (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6 Biotite K(Mg,Fe)3(Al,Fe)Si3O10(OH,F)2 Calaverite AuTe2 Calcite CaCO3 Diopside CaMgSi2O6 Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 Epidote Ca2(Fe,Al)3(SiO4)3(OH) Fayalite Fe2SiO4 Fluorite CaF2 Galena PbS Sphalerite ZnS Hematite Fe2O3 Hornblende (Amphibole) (Ca,Na)2(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Al,Si)8O22 (OH)2 Kyanite Al2SiO5 Labradorite (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8 Magnetite Fe3O4 Muscovite KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH,F)2 Orthoclase Feldspar KAlSi3O8 Plagioclase Feldspar (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 Sanidine (K,Na)AlSi3O8 Siderite Read more…
What makes a mineral a mineral? solid inorganic crystalline structure chemical composition naturally occurring geochemistry the study of minerals and earth-the distribution of chemicals in minerals, soil, water isotope an atom of a given element with an irregular number of neutrons (some are unstable) what four bonds hold minerals together? Read more…
Which of the following is a not a true statement about a mineral substance? Naturally occuring and inorganic Crystal form Specific Chemical composition Solid Must contain silicate ion Must contain silicate ion The hardest known mineral is? Diamond Minerals are grouped into silicates and non-silicate minerals. All silicate minerals contain Read more…
Mineral A *naturally occurring*, *inorganic*, *crystalline solid* that has a *specific* chemical composition Mineralogy The *study* of minerals All minerals have a ________ _________? Crystalline structure Rocks Naturally formed aggregates of minerals or mineral-like substances Atoms Smallest, electrically neutral assemblies of energy and matter than we know exist in the Read more…
Mineral -Naturally occurring -an inorganic solid -crystalline (ordered internal molecular structure) -definite chemical composition Rock A naturally occurring, solid aggregate of minerals (with a few exceptions) Elements -Basic building blocks of minerals • 92 are naturally occurring Atoms • Smallest particles of matter • Retain all the characteristics of an Read more…