mineral naturally occuring, solid Earth matieral that has formed by geologic processes; building blocks of the rocks that form the solid framework of Earth’s crust geochemistry the study of the chemistry of the earth, of atoms and elements of importance to geologic processes; isotope two atoms of the same element Read more…
What is the definition of minerals? Naturally occurring, Inorganic, Solid, Ordered internal molecular structure, Definite chemical composition What is the definition of a rock? A solid aggregate or mass of minerals What is the chemistry of minerals? Atoms, Charged atoms (ions), and Isotopes What consist of an atom? Protons, neutrons, Read more…
finger nail hardness 2.5 steel nail hardness 5.0 glass plate hardness 5.5 Cleavage the tendency of a mineral to split consistently along certain planes where the atoms are weakly bonded. Fracture – no definite planes of weakness in the bonding of the atoms so the mineral just breaks along irregular Read more…
Mantle fairly dense rock in the middle Core Heavy metals (Nickel, iron) outer layer: liquid inner layer: solid create magnetic field Crust Thin outer layer rose to top Less dense but thick= Continental More dense but thin= Oceanic Lithosphere Crust + upper mantle cool/stiff layers Asthenosphere Below, Mushy, hot Divergent Read more…
geology study of earths physical features, processes, and history why study geology? -controls distribution of mineral resources -controls location of many geological hazards earths internal layering -CRUST:thin outer layer rose to top -fairly dense rock stayed in the middle:MANTLE -heavy metals sank to the CORE(iron and nickel) true layers were Read more…
Igneous Rock formation Solidification of melt- heat prevents them from completely forming- 650- 1200 Extrusive Above earths surface heat is lost rapidly Intrusive Melt infuses already formed rocks Volatiles Interfere atomic bonds Flux melting Melting with volatiles Magma groups Felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultramafic Aphanitic Small minerals- extrusive Phaneritic Easily visible Read more…
geology the study of Earth’s physical features, processes, and history core Earth’s center. Consists mostly of iron, solid in the inside and molten in the outer area. mantle surrounds the core. Made up of dense, elastic rock. A portion of the upper area is called the asthenosphere and contains soft, Read more…
Identify the two groups of minerals Silicates- Contains silicon and oxygen – 90% of earth’s crust – Combine with elements such as Al, Fe, Mg, and K Non-Silicates- Do not contain combination of Si and O – May contain C, O, F, S – Classes of Non-Silicates – Native elements: Read more…
True or False: We are living during the third largest extinction event in geologic history? True A pair of metamorphic rocks with biochemical origins are: Marble and Anthracite Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified (named) based on the: Grain sizes of the detrial particles. The appearance and rapid proliferation of hard Read more…
Coltan Tantalite found with another mineral (columbite), used in cell phones Geology The study of earth’s history through its rocks, soils, and sediments – In the LITHOSPHERE. Includes the physical features and characteristics, and physical processes Rock Cycle Sequence of events in which rocks are formed, destroyed, altered, and reformed Read more…
ionic bond oppositely charged ions attract to produce a neutral chemical compound- weak (velcro) covalent bond sharing of electrons to achieve a stable atomic structure- strong (rope) metallic bond electrons are shared between all atoms van der waals bond opposite charges occuring on opposite sides of a sheet- weak (usually Read more…
Theory When a hypothesis has survived scrutiny against competing models: Lithosphere Name the layer that is the upper most portion of the mantle where the tectonic plates float upon: Alfred Wegener Father of the theory of plate tectonics: Athenosphere “Lower” section of the mantle: Transform boundary In plate tectonics, when Read more…
Geology The science that deals with the physical history of the earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the physical,chemical, and biological changes that the earth has undergone or is undergoing. geologist A scientist who studies the forces that make and shape the planet earth. Mineral A naturally Read more…
atom building block of matter element a pure substance consisting of one type of atom cation more protons than electrons (net charge is positive) anion more electrons than protons (net charge is negative) ionic bond an attractive force that forms between a cation and an anion when they get close Read more…
Lustre, metallic and vitreous _ is the way the rock reflects light. It can be m_ or v_ which looks glassy Cleavage and weakness _ is not to be confused with form, it is when a segment has planes of _ Quartz and fracture When a rock has no plane Read more…
Mineralology the branch of geology that studies the composition, structure, appearance, stability, occurrence, and associations of minerals. Mineral naturally occurring, solid crystalline substance, usually inorganic, with a specific chemical composition. Atom the smallest unit of an element that retains the physical and chemical properties of that element. Isotopes atoms of Read more…
What is a mineral? A naturally occurring solid with an ordered internal arrangement and has a definable chemical composition. What are the 5 conditions of being a mineral? Homogeneous Formed by Geological Processes Solid Naturally Occurring Has an Ordered Internal Arrangment of Atoms Has a Definable Chemical Composition. What are Read more…
Define a Mineral A natural solid with a definite chemical composition and a characteristic set of physical properties Name 4 Physical Properties used to identify minerals…Think back to our labs Streak, Color, Luster, Cleavage and Fracture Name 2 Special properties of certain minerals? Example: double refraction Fluorescence, Radioactivity, Magnetism Name Read more…
Deposition when rock pieces settle out of wind and water Streak the color of mineral’s powder lithosphere upper most part of the earth magma melted, molten rock lava liquid rock that reaches the Earth’s surface Inner core solid center of the earth, contains iron and nickel’ Fe, Ni outer core Read more…
Mineral Naturally occurring, crystalline, inorganic, solid, definite composition crystalline atoms form a regular internal crystal structure Crystal solid form with smooth planes outwardly showing internal structure chemical composition and crystal structure the 2 fundamental characteristics of mineral identification chemical composition fundamental characteristic of mineral i.d., requires skill, lab equipment, and Read more…