Human geography is a direction of the foreign economic geography of the late XIX century in France (J.Zh.Elise Reclus, P.Vidal de la Blas, J. Brun, A.Demangeon). Unlike anthropogeographers, representatives of this direction sought to explain the features of the geography of the population not so much in natural factors, as in a combination of economic, historical and psychological characteristics, including social, urban, cultural, regional, political situation. The high skill of describing the nature and life of people, the way of life and customs of the inhabitants, and the colorful and succulent language contributed to the wide dissemination of human geography.
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environmental determinism human geographers should apply laws from the natural sciences to understanding relationships between the physical environment and human actions. Humboldt and Ritter concentrated on how the physical environment caused social development Gis(Geographic information system) a computer system that can capture,store,query,analyze,and display geographic data.(involves storing information about a location Read more…
Agricultural Density The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. Agricultural Revolution The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. Arithmetic Density The total number of people divided by the total Read more…
Chapter 1 Thinking Geographically globalization greater cultural and economic interaction among people all over the world geography The study of the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life human geography The study of where and why human activities are located where Read more…
urbanization Transformation of a population from rural to urban status; the process of city formation and expansion. urban morphology the study of the physical form and structure of urban places urban hearth area An area, like Mesopotamia or the Nile River Valley where large cities first existed. Borchert’s Model of Read more…
Built Landscape an area of land represented by its features and patterns of human occupation and use of natural resources [Changing attribute of a place] Sequent Occupance The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. This is an important Read more…
Sequent Occupance: successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place that add up to the cultural landscape. this symbolizes Human Environment Interaction. Cultural Landscape: the fashioning of natural landscape by a culture group to fit their needs. Arithmetic Density: total number of people divided by total area of land. Read more…
Carrying Capacity The maximum number of inhabitants of which can be supported in a given area. Cohort A group of people who experience a significant event or is involved in one. Demographic Regions Any defined area or unit of the surface of the earth that you wish to analyze demographically Read more…
brain drain large-scale immigration by talented people chain migration migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there circulation short-term, repetitive or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis counter urbanization net migration from urban to rural areas in mdcs. Read more…
urban morphology the study of the physical form and structure of urban places city conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve as a center of politics, culture, and economics urban the entire build-up, non-rural area and its population, including the most recently constructed suburban appendages. Provides a better Read more…
circular and cumulative causation A process through which tendencies for economic growth are self-reinforcing; an expression of the multiplier effect which tends to favor major cities and core regions over less-advantaged peripheral regions. core-periphery model A model of the spatial structure of an economic system in which underdeveloped or declining Read more…
Maquiladora Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico. Industrial Revolution the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about Read more…
language a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols dialect the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people pidgin language A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among Read more…
apartheid laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas. balkanization process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities balkanized a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it Read more…
Federal A political-territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interests Gerrymandering Redistricting for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts Heartland the part Read more…
Fieldwork the study of geographic phenomena by visiting and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places. Human Geography One of the two major divisions of Geography; the spatial analysis of human population, its cultures, activities, and landscapes. Globalization the expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to Read more…
agricultural density the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture arithmetic density the total number of people divided by the total land area base line an east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of Read more…
define space time compression relating it to technological innovations Space time compression is the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer together even thought their distances are the same. Space time compression is the solution to distance decay because technology (internet,cell phones) is allowing us to Read more…
Remittances Money migrants send back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries. Cyclic Movements Movement – for example, nomadic migration – that has closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally. Periodic Movement For example, Read more…
Perforated state A state whose territory is interrupted (“perforated”) by a separate, independent state totally contained within its borders. Physical/natural political boundary Political boundary defined and delimited (and occasionally demarcated) by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape such as a river or the crest ridges of a mountain Read more…
Laws of migration 1) Net migration amounts to a fraction of the gross migration.2) The majority of migrants move a short distance.3) Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big cities.4) Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas. 5) Families are less likely to make international Read more…