Medieval

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carruca a heavy wood plow with an iron plowshare manor In medieval Europe, an agriculture estate that a lord ran and peasants worked serf a peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rent, and be subjects to the lord’s control bourgeoisie the middle class, Read more…

Carolingian Empire A dynastic line and empire associated with Charlemagne. It was located in France and parts of Germany and Italy. It was centralized via the Church and its capital at Aachen. Charlemagne The first Holy Roman Emperor. Catholic Church Controlled all aspects of Medieval society. Magna Carta This important Read more…

Allah Arabic word meaning God. Part of the faith of Islam. Ancient History Time in history up to the fall of the Roman Empire in 476. Apprentice A boy who is learning a trade (job skill) from a master craftsman. Barbarians What the Romans generally called anyone who lived beyond Read more…

Alfred the Great (849-899) the first king of the “Anglo-Saxons” Allah the divine name in Islam Angles Germanic tribe that invaded Britain in the 5th century from whom the name “England” comes Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109) the archbishop who defended realism and the satisfaction view of the atonement The Battle Read more…

Etruscans The civilization that most influenced early Rome. Settled north of Rome in Etruria. The dominant cultural and economic force in a number of areas in the emergence of Rome. They were invaded by the celts from Gaul and then conquered by the Romans. They brought urbanization to northern and Read more…

Tithings Groups of 10 men introduced in the 10th century. All males over the age of 12 belonged to a tithing. If the tithing refused to bring a member of their group to court, then they would all pay a fine of compensation. Tithings were used during the rest of Read more…

Latium a plain on which Rome was located Tiber River a river located 18 miles inland in Rome Etruscans another peoples that had also settled in Italy by the first millennium Romulus and Remus twin brothers that founded Rome Sacred Way the first roadbed of the chief street through Rome Read more…

bureaucracy a highly organized body of workers with any levels of authority warlord a military leader operating outside the control of the government civil service exam a test given to qualify candidates for positions in the government harrow a farm tool used to break up and even out plowed ground Read more…

Gallows Wooden frame for hanging people, usually criminals Ducking Stool Victim was tied to a chair which was elevated or lowered by the torturer. Pillory a wooden instrument of punishment on a post with holes for the neck and hands Stocks Stocks are devices that were used internationally, in medieval, Read more…

middle ages medieval: around for 1000 years. from 476 b.c-1492 b.c dark ages after fall of rome, 600 years. barbian came to take. decline of civilization charlemagne charles the great, holy roman emperor, forced christianity and edcation. feudalism a way of life, land for protection serf peasants: made of 95% Read more…

Describe how the collapse of the Roman empire impacted Western Europe. When the Roman empire collapsed there was no strong central government and therefore Western Europe entered a period of political, social and economic decline. Vikings and other invaders were able to destroy towns and villages because there was no Read more…

Justinian Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians Corpus Juris Civilis New code of the Roman Law decided by Justinian I in 529 CE that made Orthodox Christianity the law of the land. It means the “body of civil law”., New code of the Read more…

Repeated phrases or lines usually between verses refrain Because of the bubonic plague (black death), there were massive labor shortages in which class of people? (and this led to an increased value of their work) serfs/peasants True or False? The ballad is often presented as dialogues or conversations. true The Read more…

Major Domo man in charge of a great household: Chief steward or buttler. Charles Martel duke and prince of the franks, restored centralized government in francia. Aachen developed from a roman settlement and spa. became the preferred residence of charlemegne Treaty of verdun first treaty that divided the carolingian empire Read more…

64 Much of Rome burns. Emperor Nero set fire to Rome and blames the Christians for it. The Colosseum was built in 80 CE (bread and games policies). 79 Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius preserved the city of Pompeii. Conquest of Britain (77-84) and crossing of the Rhine River to attack Read more…

Arming Squire -Removed knights armour (was often dirty with blood and dead animals) -Wait behind the battle with armour (could get killed) -Walk long distances to battle -Carve meat Archer -Fought in army -Kill people with sever injuries Leech Collector -Waded into water barefoot to collect leeches for medicine -Bitten Read more…

Quwwat al-Islam Mosque (Might of Islam) Jain temple converted into Mosque Arhai Dinka Jhonpra Monastery Into Mosque in Ajmer Batter Sloping walls of tughlaq architecture Kitab-ul-hind Alburini’s book, Hindu ideas taken to west Mutazila Rational Philosophy of Islam Hadis Orthodox Islam Mansur bin Hallay lady Sufi saint, killed by orthodox Read more…

Poem of the Cid Castillian epic poem. based on the true story of El Cid during the reconquest of Spain from the moors Romanesque characterized by semi-circular arches. developed into the 12th century Gothic style. known for its massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers Read more…

20th century Spanish historian philosopher of ideas George Santayana “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Who said this? What does this quote mean? George Santayana. History is not just facts, it’s something we learn because it teaches lessons Who painted Historia? What date? What is Read more…