Two main forms of communication in the nervous system Neurons travelling through the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system Neuron A specialized nervous cell that allows for communication throughout the body Dendrites Receive information from other neurons Axon Terminal Transmits a signal Axon Nodes of Ranvier Myelin Sheath Read more…
Learning A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience. Behaviorism A theory of learning that focuses solely on observational behaviors. Associative Learning Occurs when an organism makes a connection, or association, between two events. Observational Learning When a person observes and imitates another person’s behavior. Classical Conditioning Read more…
Developmental Psychology scientific approach which aims to explain how children and adults change over time physically, socially, and cognitively Zygote when a female human egg is fertilized, no longer classified as an egg, 0-2 weeks embryo early, prenatal stage makes up majority of first trimester, 2nd-8th week after fertilization of Read more…
Psychotherapy any of a group of therapies used to treat psychological disorders and to improve psychological functioning and adjustment to life Psychoanalysis a type of psycho dynamic therapy developed by Freud; an intensive and prolonged technique for bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness. Free Association in psychoanalysis, reporting whatever comes Read more…
The study of mental activity and behavior. Psychology Functionalism was highly influenced by who and what? Charles Darwin’s work on evolution. who used a wax model to study the brain? Da Vinci what did John Stuart Mill argue in the 1800s? That psychology should be a science of observation and Read more…
Sensation the process of detecting a stimulus, such as light, sound, heat or pressure Perception the process of integrating, organizing, or interpreting sensations Transduction the process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system Absolute Threshold Read more…
What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Psychology is the most popular major at many colleges and universities … Psychology is? 1. Personally relevant 2. Relevant to us all Psychological science The study of mind, brain, and behavior Mind (Definition) refers to mental activity Brain (Definition) Read more…
Intelligence Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. Intelligence Test A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. General Intelligence (g) A general intelligence factor that, according Read more…
External Locus of Control Blaming something else for outcomes Internal Locus of Control Blaming yourself for outcomes Schizophrenia “Splitting of the Mind” Temperament Our innate, biologically based tendency to feel or act in a certain way, whilst personality traits are characteristics that we develop over time Narcissism When has such Read more…
Psychology’s intellectual parents are the disciplines of philosophy and physiology. Wundt defined psychology as the scientific study of behavior. The school of psychology that focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images, was structuralism. In an attempt to learn something about Read more…
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event Re-experiencing PTSD memories, flashbacks, nightmares Physiological arousal PTSD jumpy, jittery, hyper-vigilant Etiology of Anxiety Disorders the cause of anxiety disorders Biological, Conditioned/Learned, Cognitive, Study Biological causes of anxiety concordance rate, neurochemical activity (GABA, seratonin) Read more…
Parenting Styles 1. Authoritarian 2. Authoritative- firm, fair, flexible, willing to change as child grows 3. Permissive- indulgent; can’t say no 4. Conditional Regard- I will only love you if.. 5. Unconditional Positive Regard What is personality? the different ways in which people act, feel, and think ID if it Read more…
Sensory Memory Immediate, very belief recording of sensory info. Consists of registers, where we temporarily store incoming sensory info. Iconic Memory Visual sensory register, holds an exact copy of visual input, but for less than 1 sec. sperling full report procedure, report entire matrix, partial report procedure, report 1 row Read more…
Chapter 14 Chapter 14 Health Psychology (p. 472) The branch of psychology that investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems. Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) (p. 472) The study of the relationship among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain. Stress Read more…
Psychopathology Sickness or disorder of the mind. Melancholia Extreme sadness or depression (too much black bile). Etiology Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder. Dementia Praecox Former name for Schizophrenia Multiaxial System The system used in the DSM. It calls for assessment along five axes that describe important Read more…
The focus of Cognitive psychoogy… Thinking, perceiving, problem solving, memory, language, and information processing Sociocultural psychology is… how ethnicity, religion, and socioeconmic status play a role in the behavior. Independent variable Variable that is manipulated to determine its casual effect on the dependent variable Dependent variable Variable that is measured; Read more…
psychology the scientific study of behavior and mental processes nature inherited biological factors that shape behaviors, personality, and other characteristics nurture environmental factors that shape behaviors, personality, and other characteristics psychologists scientists who study behavior and mental processes goals of psychology 1) describe – describe/report what is observed 2) explain Read more…
Social Psychology Branch of psychology that studies how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the presence of other people and by the social and physical environment Sense of Self An individual’s unique sense of identity that has been influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences; your sense Read more…
Drug abuse Causes physical damage or impairs social or psychological functioing Psychological dependence Need it to maintain comfortable psychological sate Physiological/physical addiction Tolerance and withdrawal Stimulates Make you active (caffeine, nicotine,meth, coke) Depressants Calms you down ( tranquilizers, sleeping pills, alcohol) Inhalants Glue, paint, cleaning fluid Hallucigions LSD, marijuana Alcohol Read more…
Consciousness an organism’s awareness of internal events and the external environment, varies in its depth and exists along a continuum. Alternate states of consciousness (ASCs) examples are sleeping and dreaming Circadian rhythm a 24-hour sleep/awake cycle NREM sleep non-rapid-eye-movement sleep; one of the four stages of sleep REM sleep rapid-eye-movement Read more…