Biology Review: Genetics

The study of genes and their heredity

Segments of DNA that are information/ instructions for one trait

The way genes are passed down (generations)

The main theory of earlier genetics; states that an offspring is a mix of parents’ traits

Called the Father of Modern Genetics, a monk and gardener, who saw variety in plants and wanted to test this; he tested pea plants, because they only have two varieties of a trait, by cross- pollinating them; his results contradicted the blending theory

Sexual reproduction where the pollen travels to another part of the plant to fertilize/ Pollen goes to another plant to fertlize

A copy offspring created by self- pollination/ A combining offspring created by cross- pollination

Different variations of the same gene trait; found in homologous chromosomes, and offspring always recive two for each trait (1 from each parent)

Needs only one allele to be able to show in offspring/ Can be hidden by dominant allele; two are needed to show in offspring

The combination of alleles an offspring can have for a trait/ The characteristics an offspring can have due to the genotype

A way to describe a genotype where where two alleles are the same/ A way to describe a genotype where the two alleles are different

The chances of something happening; in genetics, the possibility of an offspring recieveing a certain trait due to the alleles; every event, the chances are the same

A diagram used to determine probability in genetics

Seperation of alleles in homologous chromosomes during meiosis

A crossing of parents that creates a hybrid; for 1 trait/ Same, for 2 traits

The way to test some organisms for their genotype, by crossing them with a homologous recessive (tt) organism

The various amount of alleles that a parent can pass on to its offspring

A method used to translate parent genotypes in dihybrid crosses into genotypes for the Punnett square