Genetics

Father of Genetics

The different forms of a physical characteristic (ex: height, eye color, hair color, petal color, stem height)

The passing on of traits from parent(s) to offspring.

The study of Heredity.

The joining of sperm and egg.

The factor that controls a trait.

A letter used to represent a specific form of a gene.

A trait that always shows up (represented with a Capital letter).

A trait that is hidden when the dominant trait is present (represented with a lower case letter).

The percentage chance that something will occur.

A chart used to represent genetic probability.

The physical appearance of traits (ex: green eyes, brown eyes, tall, short).

The alleles (letters) used to represent a trait (ex: TT, Tt, tt). The genetic makeup

Two (2) identical alleles for a trait (ex: TT, tt).

Two (2) different alleles for a trait (ex: Tt).

When both alleles show up for a trait (ex: Red petal & White petal = Pink or Red/White petals).

Process where chromosomes in a cell are copied and reduced by half to create 4 sex cells (sperm or egg).

Any change in a gene or chromosome that will change the makeup of what the trait would normally have been (ex: six-toed cats…the Hemingway cats).

Three or more forms of a gene that controls a trait (ex: blood type – A, B, O; Skin color, eye color).

one (1) pair of chromosomes that determine whether something is a boy or a girl (XX = female, XY = male).

Traits carried on sex chromosomes. Some traits can be passed on only by the father, and other traits can be passed on only by the mother. (ex: color blindness, baldness).

A person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele. This person does not show the trait, but can pass it on to their offspring.

An abnormality in genetic inheritance.

A congenital disorder (inherited at birth) causing mucous build up in lungs and other organs.

A congenital disorder (inherited at birth) where Blood cells form a sickle shape causing clotting in blood vessels.

A congenital disorder (inherited at birth) causing difficulty in blood clotting.

A congenital disorder (inherited at birth) when a child is born with an extra copy of the 21st chromosome, typically causing physical abnormalities and health disorders.

A chart used to track traits within a family.

A picture of all the chromosomes within a cell. Used to diagnose genetic disorders.

Choosing organisms with desirable traits to breed and produce better offspring.

Crossing two (2) parents with similar characteristics (2 plump turkeys to get plump offspring).

Crossing two genetically different parents to get desired offspring results (ex: Small McIntosh apple + Red Delicious apple = Empire apple).

An organism with exactly the same genes as a parent. (Typically engineered in a laboratory).

Genes from one organism is transferred into the DNA of another organism. (Used to cure diseases and produce healthier crops, etc.).

All of the DNA sequence in one cell.

Using DNA to show relationship in individuals.