Chapter 1 Inorganic Chemistry
Chemistry
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes
organic chemistry
The study of most carbon-containing compounds
Inorganic Chemistry
The study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics)
Physical Chemistry
the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Analytical Chemistry
the identification of the components and composition of materials
Biochemistry
the study of substances and processes occurring in living things
Theoretical chemistry
The use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds
Chemical
Any substance that has a definite composition
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom
Smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom
Compound
A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances
Extensive properties
Depend on the amount of matter that is present
Intensive properties
Do not depend on the amount of matter that is present
Physical property
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
physical change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
change of state
A physical change of a substance from one state to another
Solid
State has definite volume and definite shape
Liquid
state has a definite volume but an indefinite shape
Gas
State has neither definite volume nor definite shape
Plasma
High temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms
chemical property
Relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
Chemical change/ chemical reaction
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
Reactants
The substances that react in a chemical change
Products
The substances that are formed by the chemical change
Mixture
A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
Homogeneous
uniform in structure or composition; the same
Solutions
Homogenous mixtures
Heterogeneous
not uniform throughout
Pure substance
has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture
Groups/families
Vertical columns of the periodic table
Periods
Horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table
Metal
An element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor
Nonmetal
An element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
Metalloid
An element that has some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals