Neurochemistry
Acetylcholine
1. Pontomesencephalic Tegmentum
2. Basal Forebrain (Nucleus Basalis of Meynert) and Medial Septum
2. Basal Forebrain (Nucleus Basalis of Meynert) and Medial Septum
Norepinephrine
1. Locus Ceruleus in pons
2. Lateral Tegmentum of pons
3. Lateral/ventrolateral tegmentum of medulla
2. Lateral Tegmentum of pons
3. Lateral/ventrolateral tegmentum of medulla
Serotonin
1. Raphe nucleus of brainstem
2. Rostral Raphe: dorsal raphe-> ascending projections
3. Caudal Raphe: Raphe pallidus and raphe magnus-> descending projections
2. Rostral Raphe: dorsal raphe-> ascending projections
3. Caudal Raphe: Raphe pallidus and raphe magnus-> descending projections
Histamine
Tuberomammillary nucleus of hypothalamus
Orexin
Lateral zone of hypothalamus
Dopamine
1. Substantia Nigra
2. Ventral tegmental area in midbrain
2. Ventral tegmental area in midbrain