Nuclear Chemistry/Physics Study Guide: Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry

is the process in which an unstable atomic nuclus emits charged particles and energy

an atom containing an unstable nucleus

is charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of raidioisotopes

is a positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons

an electorn emitted by an unstable nulceus

is a penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus

nuclear radiation that occurs naturaly in the enviorment

uses a gas filled tube to measure lonizing radiation

is the time required for one half oa a sample of a radioisotope to decay

the age of an object is determined by comparing the object’s carbo 14 levels with carbon-14 levels in the atmosphere

the attravive force that binds protons and neutrons toghther in the nucleus – only works in short distances

the splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller parts vs. a process in which nuclei of tow atoms combine to form a large nucleus

E= mc^2 – important because the energy in the reactants of nuclear reaction must equal the energy in the products

neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus have a series of nuclear fissions

the smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction – must release enough neutrons to make it go for as long as you want it to

adding a radioactive isotope to a substance

is short lived radiation that can be used in agriculture and medicine

unit of measurement for measuring radiation in the human body

occurs when atoms gain or lose electrons

too many or too few neutrons

unstable nucleus emits particles and/or energy trying to stabilize

changes both (atomic mass by 4 & atomic number by 2)

mass number stays same and atomic number changes by 1

NOTHING but energy of nucleus changes

low energy – paper

medium level – aluminum

fairly high – goes through humans – needs 7 cm of Pb

HIGHEST – needs at least 15 cm of Pb