thermochemistry and nuclear chemistry exam
which of the following best describes temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
2
not on test
the greater the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
the higher the temperature is
4
not on test
what units are used to measure energy as heat
joules or kilojoules
the energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in their temperatures is called
heat
which of the following best describes energy in the form of heat
the energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in their temperatures
what is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degrees C or 1 K
specific heat
which expression defines specific heat
energy as heat divided by mass x temperature change
if a piece of aluminum is heated from 30 degrees C to 50 degrees C, what is the value of change in T
20 K
the q in thermodynamic equations is
energy lost of gained
A 4 g sample of iron was heated from 0 degrees C to 20 degrees C. It is absorbed 35.2 J of energy as heat. What is the specific heat of this piece of iron
0.44j
how much energy does a copper sample absorb as energy in the form of heat if its specific heat is 0.384 J, its mass is 8.00 g, and it is heated from 10 degrees C to 40 degrees C
92.2 J(g degrees C)
how much energy is absorbed as heat by 20 g of gold when it is heated from 25 degrees C to 35 degrees C? the specific heat of gold is 0.13 J g/ degrees C
26 J
the greek letter (triangle) stands for
change in
16
not on test
as ice melts, the water molecules
go from a well-ordered phase to a less-ordered phase
in nuclear chemistry, an atom is referred to as a(n)
nuclide
which of the following is the correct relationship between mass and energy
E=mc^2
reactions that affect the nucleus of an atom are called
nuclear reactions
the process that changes the identity and number of protons in a nucleus is
all of the above
the energy released in a nuclear reaction comes from
the binding energy of the nucleus
the spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter and more stable nucleus, accompanied by emission of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both is
radioactive decay
which describes particles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay
nuclear radiation
during radioactive decay, the nucleus disintegrates into
a lighter and more stable nucleus
which of the following processes always decreases the number of protons by an even number
alpha decay
which of the following forms of radiation has the greatest penetrating power
gamma rays
which of the following lists ranks nuclear radiation from the most massive to least massive
alpha, beta and gamma
which of the following radioactive decay processes does not reduce the atomic number of nuclide
beta decay
which of the following particles has the same mass as an electron but a positive charge is sometimes emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay
positron
alpha particles are
helium nuclei
beta particles are
electrons
gamma rays are
electromagnetic waves
which of the following is the symbol for an alpha partical
4He
2
2
which of the following is the nuclear symbol for a beta particle
0e
-1
-1
the half-life of an isotope is the time required for half the nuclei in a sample to
undergo radioactive decay
artificial radioactive nuclides are produced by
bombarding stable nuclei with particles
some artificial radioactive isotopes can be prepared by bombarding stable nuclei with
all of the above
which of the following generally have the lowest penetrating ability
alpha particles
which of the following has the greatest penetrating ability
gamma rays
radioactive nuclides cause molecules in air to
ionize
which of the following instruments detect radiation by counting electric pulses carried by gas atoms ionized by radiation
Geiger-Muller counters
how do radioactive nuclides affect photographic film wrapped in lightproof paper
they expose the film
all radioactive nuclides undergo
radioactive decay
to use radioactive dating for a substance, you must know the substance’s
half-life
which of the following processes produces nuclei of lower mass than the reactants
fission
which of the illustrations below represents a fission reaction
235U
9 n 141Ba
36
9 n 141Ba
36
what device uses controlled nuclear fission to produce new radioactive substances and energy
nuclear reactor
the energy as heat produced by a reactor is used to
boil water for steam turbines