Unit 3-part 2: Nuclear Chemistry

high energy particles with no mass given off by different objects

“packet” of energy that moves through space, all types of EMR fall into one of these “packets”

entire range of possible energies given off my EMR

low energy radiation, not harmful to humans, from visible and to the left on the EMS

all nuclear radiation such as alpha, beta, and gamma, and other high energy EMR radiation, including UV rays, X-rays and Gamma rays. The last three spots on the EMS

atoms with unstable nuclei, which change spontaneously into nuclei of different atoms

process through which atoms change into atoms of different elements

emitted particles and energy from radioactive decay

used cathode ray tube to shoot electrons through uranium, found X-rays

discovered radioactivity by placing uranium in a drawer with film, and observing how the radiation spoiled the film

studied uranium ore, also found radium and polonium, died from radiation sickness

theory of special relativity, 1905. Nucleus of an atom holds great power, if it could be tapped and harnessed.

radioactivity includes 2 different types of rays, Alpha and Beta. A third, Gamma, was later discovered

considered “the architect of the Nuclear Age” researched nuclear fission, which led to the atomic bomb

considered the “mother of the atomic bomb” also researched nuclear fission, leading the atomic bomb

another scientist who researched nuclear fission, leading to the atomic bomb

also researched nuclear fission, leading to the atomic bomb.

led the manhattan project, which developed the first atomic bombs

positively charged particles, has 2P and 2N, written as 4/2 a or 4/2 He. given off in alpha decay. positively charged, can cause damage to human skin, but only over short distances. dangerous if ingested.

negatively charged particles, fast moving electrons, though emitted from a nucleus. Written as 0/-1 B. Travel at high speeds, can penetrate human skin, but not harmful because too small.

neutral particles, High energy particle that has no mass or charge, it is just pure energy! written as 0/0 y. Can travel long distances and are very harmful. given off in gamma decay

the average element has ____ isotopes, and _______ of all isotopes are radioactive

low energy radiation that is all around us in low, not harmful quantities, emitted by naturally occurring radio-isotopes

antimatter equivalent of an electron. has the same mass but an opposite charge. Written as 0/1 e or 0/1 B

conversion of the nucleus of one element to that of another by bombardment of a particle, leading to a new element and/or particle (s). (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Neutron)
*Ernest Rutherford was the first to observe this*

other scientists who is 1933 observed nuclear transmutation between aluminum and phosphorus.

machines used to speed up particles, then to bombard them with other particles, to cause a reaction

elements produced artificially, beginning with 93, Neptunium and on.

time required for half of the original sample of a radioactive nucleus to decay.

t=3.32 (t1/2) (log Mass original/Mass remaining)