Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry Vocabulary

covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides.

the covalent bonding of an element to itself to form chains or rings

composed of only carbon and hydrogen; they are the simplest organic compounds

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures

indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule and also shows the bonding arrangement of atoms.

isomers in which the atoms are bonded together in different orders

isomers in which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different

hydrocarbons in which each carbon atom in the molecule forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms

hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds

alkanes in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring, or cyclic, structure.

groups of atoms that are formed when one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane molecule

a fossil fuel composed primarily of alkanes containing one to four carbon atoms

a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons that varies greatly in composition

hydrocarbons in which not all carbon atoms have four single covalent bonds

hydrocarbons that contain double covalent bonds

hydrocarbons with triple covalent bonds

hydrocarbons that have six-membered carbon rings and delocalized electrons

primary aromatic hydrocarbon

an atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the specific properties of an organic compound

organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups

organic compounds in which one or more halogen atoms are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to the same atom of oxygen

organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to a carbon atom at the end of a carbon-atom chain

organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is attached to carbon atoms within the chain

organic compounds that can be considered to be derivatives of ammonia, NH3

organic compounds that contain the carbonxyl functional group

organic compounds that have carboxylic acid groups in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group has been replaced by an alkyl group

one in which one or more atoms replace another atom or group in a molecule

one in which two parts of a molecule are added to an unsaturated molecule, increasing the saturation of the molecule

one in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine

one in which a simple molecule, such as water or ammonia, if formed from adjacent carbon atoms of a larger molecule

large molecule made of many small units joined to each other through organic reactions

small units

a polymer made from two or more different monomers