Intro to Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Chem of composition containing carbon and usually H,O, & N.
How do we study the compounds?
by Family or file
Hyrdrocarbon
A compound that contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon
Alkane
A CLASS OF HYDROCARBONS THAT HAS ONLY SINGLE BONDS (4 single bonds, 4 atoms)
Alkene
a hydrocarbon that contains one or more DOUBLE BONDS (4 bonds, 3 atoms)
Alkyne
– A CLASS OF UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS THAT HAS AT LEAST ONE TRIPLE BOND (4 bonds, 2 atoms)
Aromatic
An organic compound whose molecules contain a benzene ring or that has properties resembling benzene
Function Group
One of several groups of atoms commonly found in an organic molecule, including hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups, that determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of the molecule.
What shape is an alkane?
tetrahedral
What shape is an alkene?
Trigonal Planar
What shape is an alkyne?
linear
C-O-H
alcohol
C-O-C
Ether
C-N
Amine
O=C-
Carbonyl
O=C-N
Amide
O=C-H
Aldehyde
O=C-C-C
Ketone
O=C-OH
Carboxylic Acid
O=C-OC
Ester
Which compounds are most stable?
Aromatic
C-F
Alkylflouride
C-Br
Alkylbromide
Petroleum
A complex mixture of hydrocarbons
What is natural gas?
C1 to C5 hydrocarbon from refining of petroleum
What is gasoline?
C5 to C12 hydrocarbon from refining of petroleum
What is Kerosene?
C12 to C18 hydrocarbon obtains from refining of petroleum
What do they make from the bottom of the petroleum tower?
Asphalt
What causes knocking of an engine?
comes from the pre material combustion in compression step.
What prevents knocking?
a high octane rating
What is the 100 octane rating?
Isooctane
Octane number
is a measure of its resistance to knocking
What would a zero rating be?
heptane
Can you have a higher rating then 100?
Yes
Alkane with 1 Carbon
Methane
Alkane with 2 Carbons
Ethane
Alkane with 3 Carbons
protane
Alkane with 4 Carbon
butane
alkane with 5 carbons
pentane
Alkane with 6 carbons
hexane
alkane with 7 carbons
heptane
alkane with 8 carbons
octane
alkane with 9 carbons
nonane
alkane with 10 carbons
decane
What is a projection formula
shows every bond
What is the alkyl group?
An alkane minus 1 hydrogen