Physical Chemistry Vocabulary Study Guide
System
The part of the universe being studied
Surroundings
Everything outside the system
Universe
Everything that exists and consists of both the system and the surrounding
Properties
Values that doesn’t depends on time, just a value at that instant.
Extensive Property
Depends upon the amount of material present.
Intensive Property
Does not depends upon the amount of material present.
State of a System
A picture of the system giving all state variable that describe the system at any given instant. The state may change from instant to instant.
Isolated System
A system where neither the matter nor the energy can pass between the system and the surrounding.
Closed System
A system where the matter aren’t allowed to pass between the system and the surrounding, but the energy is free to move between them.
Open System
A system where the matter and the energy can pass between the system and the surrounding.
Equation of State
Any equation that relates the pressure, temperature, and specific volume of a substance.
Pressure
The amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface
Temperature
Measurement of flow of heat energy and the it direction.
Quantity of Matter
Measurement of the mass of a substance.
Volume
The amount of space an object takes up
Substance
Collection of matter that cannot be broken down or separated by any physical means
Compound
Substance comprised of molecules and it can be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances.
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Mixture
a combination of two or more substances that can be physically separated.
heterogeneous mixture
A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily.
homogeneous mixture
A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout.
Ion-Ion Interactions
the strongest intermolecular interactions because ions have very high concentrations of positive and negative charge.
Dipole-Dipole
Attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules.
Ion-Dipole
The charge of an ion is attracted to the partial charge on a polar molecule.
Induced dipole-induced dipole
Non polar molecules are attracted to each other.
Gases
A state of matter, have no fixed shape and take on the shape of the space they’re in.
Liquids
Definite volume, no definite shape.
Solids
Definite shape and volume.
Plasma
Like a gas in that it doesn’t not have a definite shape of volume. A phase of matter when the nuclei no longer bond the electrons.