Oceanography – History
why have we studied oceans in the past
exploration
paleolithic and neolithic periods used oceans for
hunting
Egyptians used oceans for
fishing, exploration in reed boats
Phoenicians used oceans for
trade (in mediterranean with brittish) and Navy
Polynesians and the ocean
came from taiwan or mainland china and migrated between islands
what instruments were used of the Polynesians
sea maps made of sticks and shells that showed wave patterns, island positions, or the positions of stars
how did *vikings* contribute to the ocean
improvements in ship building, trade and colonization
how did *arabs* contribute to the ocean
described currents of seasonal monsoon, trade routes to china, and preserved greek and roman knowledge
how did *china* contribute to the ocean
compass and trade routes of persian gulf
how did *Europe* contribute to the ocean
increased knowledge of navigation and tide tablets
what did the viking discover?
north america 600 years before columbus
who invented the the sea clock
John Harrison
What made the chronometer (the first sea clock) work on the sea
it was spring driven
What are James Cook accomplishments
declared Australia, charted most of the pacific, mapped great barrier, found cure for scurvy, proved there was no Northwest Passage, “discovered” hawaii,
What was the probelm with Jame’s Cook information he recorded (ocean depths, prevailing wind directions, current speeds and water temperatures)
it was never really made public
who is the father of physical oceanography and why
Matthew Fontaine Maury because he was the first to publish a book, “The phyisical geography of the seas” and to make the information public.
Why was Ben Franklin interested in the sea?
to make ships go faster with mail
Where did the beginnings of oceanography start?
With the Challenger
What is the Challenger?
the first voyage of the beginnings of Oceanography. It was the first systematic plot of currents and temperatures in the ocean and mapped bottom deposits and discovered mid-Atlantic ridge and disproved theory that life does not exist down below.
What was the challenger led by?
Charles Wyville
why was a international council of exploration of the seas invented?
to control unsustainable fishing
what is the name of the undersea lab
aquaquirius
what does the word “graphos” depicted from oceanography mean
the discription of
why is the term “marine science” better?
because it is interdisciplinary
marine geology
study of Earth’s crust and composition
chemical oceanography
study of gases and solids dissolved in the ocean
physical oceanography
study of waves and currents. climate predictions
biological oceanography
study of nature and distribution of marine organisms
marine engineering
design and construction of structures used in or out of oceans