ATC Test #1
Why study the liberal arts?
One good answer: Well-roundedness. Christians who are renaissance men and women have many advantages, especially in a post-industrial, globalized, pluralistic, post-religious, postmodern information age.
Define Worldview (Weltanschauung):
The story/framework of ideas, beliefs, and values by which a person understands the world. A spiritual-intellectual-emotional orientation.
What is Metaphysics/Ontology:
What is the ultimate nature of reality/being?
What is Epistemology:
How do we know what we know (i.e., the study of knowledge)?
What is Ethics:
What is good, right, and moral for an individual?
What is Politics:
How should we organize society? What is a just society?
What is Aesthetics:
What is beauty?
What is Logic and Rhetoric:
By what methods should we reason?
Attunement:
All truths are God’s truths.
Attunement #2:
A young man who wishes to remain a sound atheist cannot be too careful of his reading (C.S. Lewis, Surprised by Joy).
What is George Santayana’s famous quotation:
“When experience is not retained, as among savages, infancy is perpetual. Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”
What does this quote mean: “When experience is not retained, as among savages, infancy is perpetual. Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”
The past cannot be repeated in traditional Christian worldviews, technically speaking.
“Savages” retain experience, as do “non-savages.” We must discuss this.
the Princeton historian Anthony Grafton asks, “What was History?”
he investigates how early modern writers (1500-1700) saw history, which is what I would like to note.
What are the six stages Christians divide ages that correspond creation into?
Adam to Noah
Noah to Abraham
Abraham to David
David to the Babylonian Captivity
The Babylonian Captivity to the Incarnation
The Incarnation to the Second Coming
Noah to Abraham
Abraham to David
David to the Babylonian Captivity
The Babylonian Captivity to the Incarnation
The Incarnation to the Second Coming
What era did nearly everyone in the early modern era thought that they lived in?
apocalyptic times, given the period’s extreme turmoil
Define “Iroquois”
a general term that covers The Six Nations, known also as The People of the Longhouse, and known later as the Iroquois Confederacy
Where does the The Norton version of the creation story (one of 25 versions) of the Iroquois come from?
It comes from David Cusick’s Sketches of the Ancient History of the Six Nations (1827). He was a Christian American Indian.
Iroquois Summary
There were two worlds, the lower inhabited by monsters and the upper inhabited by “mankind,” also called “sky people” in other versions. A woman of the upper world got pregnant and sank down to the lower world. Some versions of the story say that her husband pushed her. Yikes. A giant turtle caught her plummet. She gave birth to twin sons, The Good Mind and The Bad Mind, but died shortly after. The Good Mind made the sun out of his deceased mother’s head and the moon out of her body (Look up the word “Demiurge,” if you want to think about a related Greek/Gnostic system of thought). The Good Mind also formed out of dust a male and female in his own image, and “by his breathing into their nostrils” he gave them “the living soul.” The Bad Mind created reptiles injurious to people and also made two images of clay in the form of humans, but they became apes (or sasquatches, perhaps). The Bad Mind was jealous of the Good Mind’s ability to create real people, and the Bad Mind became unruly. He and The Good Mind fought. The Bad Mind lost, sank down to eternal doom, and became the Evil Spirit. The Good Mind helped humanity.
What story is traditionally was told over four nights?
Pima (Southwestern) written In the early 20th century, by J.W. Lloyd
What is Pima about?
The Doctor of the Earth, floating alone, rubbed his chest and created greasy earth, and then held it out in his palm and tried to suspend it in air: it tipped over three times, but on the fourth time it “staid straight” and “remains now as the world.” Yadda, yadda, greasewood bush, white ants. Then the Doctor created out of the shadow of his eye a Buzzard named Noo-ee, who reminds me of Eeyore from Winnie the Pooh. The Doctor then made the sun and moon out of water, not to mention the stars out of water and diamonds. He then formed two dolls out of the substance gathered by rubbing his chest again and thus created perfect human beings. They eventually filled the whole earth, but ran out of food and became cannibals. The Doctor disapproved, destroying the people via a flood. He and Noo-ee escaped. He made people again, but they aged too quickly. He destroyed them. He made people again, but they smoked too much and started at a young age (i.e., the cradle). He destroyed them. On the fourth go-around, The Doctor got it right. From where did rivers come? Noo-ee’s wings carved them. From where did the coyote come? The sun and the moon had a baby. Finally, strangely, The Younger Brother who calls himself The Older Brother appeared out of nowhere, and The Doctor gave up most of the world’s governing to him.
This philosphical/theological viewpoint suggests that original sin did not taint humanity down through the generations. John locke held this view, and it surely influenced his notion of tabula rosa.
Pelagianism
What does tabula rosa?
A blank slate
This treaty officially put an end to the Revolutionary war
The treaty of paris
This is the title of the first African-American novel
The Interesting Narrative of the Life Olaudah Equiano
What is a Weltanschauuung
The story/framework of ideas, beliefs, and values by which a person understands the world
William Bradford, leader of Plymouth Plantation, held a doctor of theology degree from what famous university
He was not university educated and so held no such degree
What best captures the gist of John lockers theory of government
Men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness/property
The “Middle Passage” refers to what
A slave trade route from Africa to the New World
Why was Anne Hutchinson kicked out of Massachusetts
She challenged the authority of local ministries
Ben Franklin agreed with Thomas Hobbe’s position in Leviathan that the natural state of humanity is a “war of all against all”
FALSE
Why do think of Red Jacket’s argument against the missionary Jacob Cram, especially with respect to the issue of the Bible?
-Red Jacket wondered why Native Americans didn’t have Bibles
– Why are Christians always arguing about the Bible if it’s so clear
– Why are Christians always arguing about the Bible if it’s so clear
How many ages did the world exists in?
6
A woman of the upper world got pregnant and then sank down to the lower world, where she gave birth to twin sons.
The Iroquois Creation Story
The world sits on the back of a giant turtle.
The Iroquois Creation Story
Noo-ee’s wings carved the rivers.
The Pima Creation Story
The Doctor of the Earth rubs his chest and creates the earth.
The Pima Creation Story
The sun and the moon have sex and give birth to the coyote.
The Pima Creation Story
The Younger brother who calls himself The Older Brother strangely appears at the end of the story.
The Pima Creation Story
The Bad Mind creates reptiles and apes.
The Iroquois Creation Story
The Good mind makes the sun out of his mother’s head.
The Iroquois Creation Story
Children were smoking in their cribs, and so this version of creation was destroyed.
The Pima Creation Story
Some critics believe that this creation story substantiates the existence of Bigfoot.
The Iroquois Creation Story
Smith gave New England the name “New England.”
False
He offered the Pilgrims his services (1620 Mayflower) but was turned down.
True
As a New World territory, Virginia at one time ran from Florida to Canada.
True
Smith used one of his Indian guides as a human shield when attacked by a large group of Powhatan’s warriors, whom he called “grim courtiers” (51).
True
The Chesapeake Bay Indians carried an Okee into battle.
True
Pocahontas eventually married a settler named John Rolfe and moved to England, where she died.
True
Describe Smith’s relationship with the Native Americans.
Bizarre
In the selected reading, Bradford refers more often to the Old Testament than to the New Testament.
True
Bradford claims that God smite a young and mean sailor, who died and was—consequently—the first person to be thrown overboard on the voyage.
True
The separatists in England were in danger of being charged with treason.
True
Which one does not belong with the others?
Thomas Morton, leader of the colony at Merymount
Morton’s memoir on how not to colonize the New World is called The New English Canaan (1637). Contrast Morton’s attitudes toward the new world with Bradford’s attitudes.
MORTON – used for himself
BRADFORD – used for God
BRADFORD – used for God
The so-called “First Encounter” with the Native Americans was a peaceful affair in which everyone sat down and ate turkey.
False
Who received an education far beyond what most women of the period received, mainly due to her father’s guidance and her family’s wealth
Anne Bradstreet
Where did Anne Bradstreet’s family come from?
Her family came over from England to Boston in 1630 with John Winthrop’s fleet of ships (Winthrop, the guy who made famous in an American context the phrase “city upon a hill”—in his Model of Christian Charity).
How was Bradstreet’s work published?
Bradstreet’s brother-in-law, John Woodbridge, took a book of her poems with him back to England in 1650 and published them under the title The Tenth Muse, the first volume of published poems written by an inhabitant of the New World.
Who’s poems were not discovered and published until 1937, more than 200 years after_______ wrote them?
Edward Taylor
Who is the only known American poet of the early period to write in “the metaphysical style,” a mode marked by strange comparisons between dissimilar things (i.e., “metaphysical conceits”—eccentric and far-fetched metaphors that nonetheless prove compelling).
Edward Taylor
What style is also often marked by irony, paradox, and a bizarre tension between the overly intellectual and the erotic.
metaphysical
Who is the most famous of the metaphysical poets
The English Anglican priest John Donne
What is one of John Donne’s poems?
The Flea
What poem and author is the following from:
Oh stay! three lives in one flea spare
Where we almost, yea more than married are.
This flea is you and I, and this
Our marriage-bed and marriage-temple is.
Oh stay! three lives in one flea spare
Where we almost, yea more than married are.
This flea is you and I, and this
Our marriage-bed and marriage-temple is.
The flea by John Donne
What is King Phillip’s War?
a bloody skirmish among the Native Americans and Puritans that essentially ended the independent power of American Indians in the Northeast.
When did King Phillip’s war take place?
1675-76
Who was taken captive for eleven weeks during King Phillip’s War
Mary Rowlandson
What is A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson (1682),
Rowlandson published account of her harrowing ordeal that became one of the most popular seventeenth-century prose works, both in America and England.
Compare Rowlandson’s use of Scripture to Bradford’s use in Plymouth Plantation. What is a difference worth noting? A similarity? How did a Bible come into her possession in the first place?
Rowlandson – used scripture in more personal, intimate way; bc of personal trauma
BOTH used scripture to explain experiments
BOTH used scripture to explain experiments
What is the fate of Metacomet (i.e., King Phillip)? And his wife and kids? And how about the fate of Mary Rowlandson’s six-year old child, Sarah, in The Third Remove?
Sent to West Indies to be slaves & Rowlandon’s child died 🙁
Does Rowlandson present a sweet, euphemistic vision of war and captivity? Is she pretty direct and unflinching in her account of the suffering?
She’s blunt and real. She WAS raped… text doesn’t really say she was raped but its true, they believe “bad things happen because they deserve it”
What is a theodicy?
Attempt to justify the actions of evil (why bad things happen to good people)
How does Rowlandson use Hebrews 12.6 to process her trauma? “For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every Son whom he receiveth.”
This suffering brought me closer to God; suffering intensifying one’s relationship with God
She might be asking “Is God the author of sin” and she might be alluding to yes
What is the name of the follow poem:
The bear that breathes the northern blast
Did numb, torpedo-like, a wasp
Whose stiffened limbs encramped, lay bathing
In Sol’s warm breath and shine as saving,
Which with her hands she chafes and stands
Rubbing her legs, shanks, thighs, and hands.
Her pretty toes, and fingers’ ends
Nipped with this breath, she out extends
Unto the sun, in great desire
To warm her digits at that fire.
Doth hold her temples in this state
Where pulse doth beat, and head doth ache.
Doth turn, and stretch her body small,
Doth comb her velvet capital.
As if her little brain pan were
A volume of choice precepts clear.
As if her satin jacket hot
Contained apothecary’s shop
Of nature’s receipts, that prevails
To remedy all her sad ails,
As if her velvet helmet high
Did turret rationality.
She fans her wing up to the wind
As if her pettycoat were lined,
With reason’s fleece, and hoists sails
And humming flies in thankful gales
Unto her dun curled palace hall
Her warm thanks offering for all.
The bear that breathes the northern blast
Did numb, torpedo-like, a wasp
Whose stiffened limbs encramped, lay bathing
In Sol’s warm breath and shine as saving,
Which with her hands she chafes and stands
Rubbing her legs, shanks, thighs, and hands.
Her pretty toes, and fingers’ ends
Nipped with this breath, she out extends
Unto the sun, in great desire
To warm her digits at that fire.
Doth hold her temples in this state
Where pulse doth beat, and head doth ache.
Doth turn, and stretch her body small,
Doth comb her velvet capital.
As if her little brain pan were
A volume of choice precepts clear.
As if her satin jacket hot
Contained apothecary’s shop
Of nature’s receipts, that prevails
To remedy all her sad ails,
As if her velvet helmet high
Did turret rationality.
She fans her wing up to the wind
As if her pettycoat were lined,
With reason’s fleece, and hoists sails
And humming flies in thankful gales
Unto her dun curled palace hall
Her warm thanks offering for all.
Lord, clear my misted sight that I
May hence view Thy divinity,
Some sparks whereof thou up dost hasp
Within this little downy wasp
In whose small corporation we
A school and a schoolmaster see,
Where we may learn, and easily find
A nimble spirit bravely mind
Her work in every limb: and lace
It up neat with a vital grace,
Acting each part though ne’er so small
Here of this fustian animal.
Till I enravished climb into
The Godhead on this ladder do,
Where all my pipes inspired upraise
An heavenly music furred with praise.
Upon a Wasp Chilled with Cold
Who and when was “A Letter To Her Husband, Absent Upon Public Employment” written?
Anne Bradstreet (c. 1612-1672)
What is the title of the following poem:
My head, my heart, mine eyes, my life, nay, more,
My joy, my magazine of earthly store,
If two be one, as surely thou and I,
How stayest thou there, whilst I at Ipswich lie?
So many steps, head from the heart to sever,
If but a neck, soon should we be together.
I like the Earth this season, mourn in black,
My Sun is gone so far in’s zodiac,
Whom whilst I ‘joyed, nor storms, nor frost I felt,
His warmth such frigid colds did cause to melt.
My chilled limbs now numbed lie forlorn;
Return; return, sweet Sol, from Capricorn;
In this dead time, alas, what can I more
Than view those fruits which through thy heart I bore?
Which sweet contentment yield me for a space,
True living pictures of their father’s face.
O strange effect! now thou art southward gone,
I weary grow the tedious day so long;
But when thou northward to me shalt return,
I wish my Sun may never set, but burn
Within the Cancer of my glowing breast,
The welcome house of him my dearest guest.
Where ever, ever stay, and go not thence,
Till nature’s sad decree shall call thee hence;
Flesh of thy flesh, bone of thy bone,
I here, thou there, yet both but one.
My head, my heart, mine eyes, my life, nay, more,
My joy, my magazine of earthly store,
If two be one, as surely thou and I,
How stayest thou there, whilst I at Ipswich lie?
So many steps, head from the heart to sever,
If but a neck, soon should we be together.
I like the Earth this season, mourn in black,
My Sun is gone so far in’s zodiac,
Whom whilst I ‘joyed, nor storms, nor frost I felt,
His warmth such frigid colds did cause to melt.
My chilled limbs now numbed lie forlorn;
Return; return, sweet Sol, from Capricorn;
In this dead time, alas, what can I more
Than view those fruits which through thy heart I bore?
Which sweet contentment yield me for a space,
True living pictures of their father’s face.
O strange effect! now thou art southward gone,
I weary grow the tedious day so long;
But when thou northward to me shalt return,
I wish my Sun may never set, but burn
Within the Cancer of my glowing breast,
The welcome house of him my dearest guest.
Where ever, ever stay, and go not thence,
Till nature’s sad decree shall call thee hence;
Flesh of thy flesh, bone of thy bone,
I here, thou there, yet both but one.
A Letter To Her Husband, Absent Upon Public Employment by Anne Bradstreet (c. 1612-1672)
What is a nostalgic, self-indulgent, romanticized explanation of the Puritans in New England?
Magnalia Christi Americana / A History of the Wonderful Works of Christ in America (1702) BY Cotton Mather
What is Cotton Mather remembered for?
Magnalia Christi Americana / A History of the Wonderful Works of Christ in America (1702)
WHO IS THIS:
a skillful preacher and theologian. In the Norton selection for today, we see ______ at his best and worst, praising God’s sovereignty and simultaneously rationalizing the behavior of Puritans who stepped far beyond the limits of their authority (social and biblical authority) and killed people without due process.
a skillful preacher and theologian. In the Norton selection for today, we see ______ at his best and worst, praising God’s sovereignty and simultaneously rationalizing the behavior of Puritans who stepped far beyond the limits of their authority (social and biblical authority) and killed people without due process.
Cotton Mather
Who did not speak out against the witchcraft hysteria but instead defended it, a point that solidified his reputation as an early Puritan apologist.
Cotton Mather
WHO SAID THIS:
“There was hardly any but my father and myself to appear in defense of our invaded churches.”
“There was hardly any but my father and myself to appear in defense of our invaded churches.”
Cotton Mather
WHO SAID THIS:
“The New Englanders are people of God settled in those, which were once the devil’s territories.”
“The New Englanders are people of God settled in those, which were once the devil’s territories.”
Cotton Mather
WHO SAID THIS:
“… horrible plot against the country by witchcraft, and a foundation of witchcraft then laid, which if it were not seasonably discovered, would probably blow up and pull down all the churches in the country.”
“… horrible plot against the country by witchcraft, and a foundation of witchcraft then laid, which if it were not seasonably discovered, would probably blow up and pull down all the churches in the country.”
Cotton Mather
WHO SAID THIS:
“[Witchcraft] is a thing prodigious, beyond the wonders of the former ages, and it threatens no less than a sort of dissolution upon the world.”
“[Witchcraft] is a thing prodigious, beyond the wonders of the former ages, and it threatens no less than a sort of dissolution upon the world.”
Cotton Mather
Who’s story comes more than 200 years after the series of events that unfolded between the reveling fur traders of Merry Mount and the hard-faced Puritans of Plymouth and Salem.
Nathaniel Hawthorne
WHAT STORY IS THIS:
Hawthorne provides a lucid indictment of Puritan excess and even—perhaps—of Puritan sadism (i.e., Hawthorne’s Puritan characters take a kind of odd pleasure in punishing people). Puritanism, “the haunting fear that someone, somewhere, might be happy”—as one critic of Puritanism defined it.
The heroic newlyweds in the story fascinate me. Ultimately, they belong neither in Merry Mount nor Plymouth. The Puritans insist on cutting the young groom’s hair, which is typical of Puritan conformity-mongering, but they also show the couple a degree of mercy (probably for the wrong reasons), which creates a spark of optimism in the midst of an otherwise melancholic tale.
Hawthorne provides a lucid indictment of Puritan excess and even—perhaps—of Puritan sadism (i.e., Hawthorne’s Puritan characters take a kind of odd pleasure in punishing people). Puritanism, “the haunting fear that someone, somewhere, might be happy”—as one critic of Puritanism defined it.
The heroic newlyweds in the story fascinate me. Ultimately, they belong neither in Merry Mount nor Plymouth. The Puritans insist on cutting the young groom’s hair, which is typical of Puritan conformity-mongering, but they also show the couple a degree of mercy (probably for the wrong reasons), which creates a spark of optimism in the midst of an otherwise melancholic tale.
The May-Pole of Merry Mount
WHAT STORY IS THIS FROM:
But what was the wild throng that stood hand in hand about the Maypole? It could not be that the fauns and nymphs, when driven from their classic groves and homes of ancient fable, had sought refuge, as all the persecuted did, in the fresh woods of the West. These were Gothic monsters, though perhaps of Grecian ancestry. On the shoulders of a comely youth uprose the head and branching antlers of a stag; a second, human in all other points, had the grim visage of a wolf; a third, still with the trunk and limbs of a mortal man, showed the beard and horns of a venerable he-goat. There was the likeness of a bear erect, brute in all but his hind legs, which were adorned with pink silk stockings.
But what was the wild throng that stood hand in hand about the Maypole? It could not be that the fauns and nymphs, when driven from their classic groves and homes of ancient fable, had sought refuge, as all the persecuted did, in the fresh woods of the West. These were Gothic monsters, though perhaps of Grecian ancestry. On the shoulders of a comely youth uprose the head and branching antlers of a stag; a second, human in all other points, had the grim visage of a wolf; a third, still with the trunk and limbs of a mortal man, showed the beard and horns of a venerable he-goat. There was the likeness of a bear erect, brute in all but his hind legs, which were adorned with pink silk stockings.
The May-Pole of Merry Mount by Nathaniel Hawthorne
WHAT STORY IS THIS FROM:
“And this dancing bear,” resumed the officer. “Must he share the stripes of his fellows?” “Shoot him through the head!” said the energetic Puritan. “I suspect witchcraft in the beast.”
“And this dancing bear,” resumed the officer. “Must he share the stripes of his fellows?” “Shoot him through the head!” said the energetic Puritan. “I suspect witchcraft in the beast.”
The May-Pole of Merry Mount by Nathaniel Hawthorne
WHAT STORY IS THIS FROM:
There they stood, in the first hour of wedlock, while the idle pleasures, of which their companions were the emblems, had given place to the sternest cares of life, personified by the dark Puritans. But never had their youthful beauty seemed so pure and high as when its glow was chastened by adversity.
There they stood, in the first hour of wedlock, while the idle pleasures, of which their companions were the emblems, had given place to the sternest cares of life, personified by the dark Puritans. But never had their youthful beauty seemed so pure and high as when its glow was chastened by adversity.
The May-Pole of Merry Mount by Nathaniel Hawthorne
How do you test somebody’s character
Give him or her power
Where is this from:
Evangelist: I’m here to tell you the good news.
Seeker: The good news… what’s that?
Evangelist: You’re going to hell!
Seeker: …What’s the bad news?
Evangelist: I’m here to tell you the good news.
Seeker: The good news… what’s that?
Evangelist: You’re going to hell!
Seeker: …What’s the bad news?
Jonathan Edwards, the Great Awakening, and Drunken Men on Airplanes
Where are these from:
tabula rasa (John Locke’s famous phrase); absolute or total depravity; Pelagianism; Arianism; Docetism
tabula rasa (John Locke’s famous phrase); absolute or total depravity; Pelagianism; Arianism; Docetism
Jonathan Edwards, the Great Awakening, and Drunken Men on Airplanes
Who’s church voted him out of his pastorate by a margin of 200 to 20
Jonathan Edwards
What are some reasons Edwards was voted out of his pastorate?
Perhaps people grew tired of sermons in which he frightened small children? Perhaps people wanted more dialogues and fewer monologues? Most obviously, however, his congregation was alarmed when he started to point the finger at specific backsliders, demanding public confessions. He also refused to issue communion to various people, unless he was convinced they were saved. Edwards, in short, was well-known for rigidity and legalism. Some loved this about him; many more did not. You will come to your own conclusions, no doubt.
Who rightly stressed grace, not works righteousness, but the fastidious search for evidence of God’s grace in the doings of parishioners might have unwittingly activated the quasi-works-righteousness machinery that some call “Puritan perfectionism,” or some such phrase. Nonetheless, _____ would be quick to note that good works are a sign of salvation (result), not a cause.
Jonathan Edwards
Who is introduced as:
“In spite of the awesome—even imposing—quality of Edwards’s mind, all of his work is of a piece and, in essence, readily graspable. Edwards was trying to restore to his congregation and to his readers that original sense of religious commitment that he felt had been lost since the first days of the Puritan exodus to America.”
“In spite of the awesome—even imposing—quality of Edwards’s mind, all of his work is of a piece and, in essence, readily graspable. Edwards was trying to restore to his congregation and to his readers that original sense of religious commitment that he felt had been lost since the first days of the Puritan exodus to America.”
And whats the problem?
Jonathan Edwards (introduced by North) & The problem, of course, is that nostalgia, especially nostalgia for religious days gone by, tends to distort the goodness of the past and often brings more horror to the struggles of the present.
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“Justice calls aloud for an infinite punishment of their sins.”
“Justice calls aloud for an infinite punishment of their sins.”
Jonathan Edwards, the Great Awakening, and Drunken Men on Airplanes
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“The use of this awful subject [hell] may be for awakening unconverted persons in this congregation.”
“The use of this awful subject [hell] may be for awakening unconverted persons in this congregation.”
Jonathan Edwards, the Great Awakening, and Drunken Men on Airplanes
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“It is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, and that of an angry God, without any promise or obligation at all, that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk with your blood.”
“It is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, and that of an angry God, without any promise or obligation at all, that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk with your blood.”
Jonathan Edwards, the Great Awakening, and Drunken Men on Airplanes
WHERE IS THE FROM:
“The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you.”
“The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you.”
Jonathan Edwards, the Great Awakening, and Drunken Men on Airplanes
WHERE IS THE FROM:
“But you must suffer it to all eternity. There will be no end to this exquisite horrible misery.”
“But you must suffer it to all eternity. There will be no end to this exquisite horrible misery.”
Jonathan Edwards, the Great Awakening, and Drunken Men on Airplanes
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“And you, children, who are unconverted, do not you know that you are going down to hell, to hear the dreadful wrath of that God, who is now angry with you every day and every night?”
“And you, children, who are unconverted, do not you know that you are going down to hell, to hear the dreadful wrath of that God, who is now angry with you every day and every night?”
Jonathan Edwards, the Great Awakening, and Drunken Men on Airplanes
Who said this:
There may be right opinion of God without either love or one right temper toward Him. Satan is a proof of this
There may be right opinion of God without either love or one right temper toward Him. Satan is a proof of this
John Wesley
Who said this:
Moderate strength is shown in violence; supreme strength is shown in levity
Moderate strength is shown in violence; supreme strength is shown in levity
G.K. Chesterton
Who published the Pennsylvania Gazette and Poor Richard’s Almanac, both smashing successes.
Ben Franklin
WHO IS THIS:
_____ came from humble beginnings, the tenth son of a tallow candle and soap maker in Boston. His father wanted him to be a pastor. ____ had other ideas.
_____ came from humble beginnings, the tenth son of a tallow candle and soap maker in Boston. His father wanted him to be a pastor. ____ had other ideas.
Ben Franklin
WHO IS THIS:
He taught himself several languages and created his own printing business in Philadelphia, after learning the trade from one of his brothers.
He taught himself several languages and created his own printing business in Philadelphia, after learning the trade from one of his brothers.
Ben Franklin
WHO IS THIS:
_____ published the Pennsylvania Gazette and Poor Richard’s Almanac, both smashing successes.
_____ published the Pennsylvania Gazette and Poor Richard’s Almanac, both smashing successes.
Ben Franklin
WHO IS THIS:
Interestingly, _______ dressed plainly and sometimes delivered stacks of his newspapers in a wheelbarrow, because he wanted to show his customers that he was not above manual labor.
Interestingly, _______ dressed plainly and sometimes delivered stacks of his newspapers in a wheelbarrow, because he wanted to show his customers that he was not above manual labor.
Ben Franklin
WHO IS THIS:
He also invented a stove, experimented with Electra, helped to establish The University of Pennsylvania, and had a son out of wedlock (William) who became the governor of New Jersey and a loyalist during the Revolution.
He also invented a stove, experimented with Electra, helped to establish The University of Pennsylvania, and had a son out of wedlock (William) who became the governor of New Jersey and a loyalist during the Revolution.
Ben Franklin
WHO IS THIS:
After retiring in his middle 40s, he became a diplomat for America’s interests in England and France, where he had some adventures, or what might also be called “errata” (
After retiring in his middle 40s, he became a diplomat for America’s interests in England and France, where he had some adventures, or what might also be called “errata” (
Ben Franklin
WHO’S THOUGHTS ARE THESE:
“He believed that people were naturally innocent… and that education, properly undertaken, would transform our lives and set us free from the tyrannies of church and monarchy” (Norton 219).
“He believed that people were naturally innocent… and that education, properly undertaken, would transform our lives and set us free from the tyrannies of church and monarchy” (Norton 219).
===> In other words, he was on the Enlightenment side of the street, not the Great Awakening side.
Ben Franklin
WHO IS THIS:
He served on the committee charged with drafting the Declaration of Independence, and he famously negotiated a treaty of allegiance with France, which made him a hero in America.
He served on the committee charged with drafting the Declaration of Independence, and he famously negotiated a treaty of allegiance with France, which made him a hero in America.
Ben Franklin
WHO IS THIS:
part of a group that signed the Treaty of Paris, 1783, officially putting an end to the Revolutionary War.
part of a group that signed the Treaty of Paris, 1783, officially putting an end to the Revolutionary War.
Ben Franklin
WHAT IS THIS:
Tis easier to suppress a first desire, than to satisfy all that follow it.
Tis easier to suppress a first desire, than to satisfy all that follow it.
One today is worth two tomorrows.
There will be sleeping enough in the grave.
Those have a short Lent who owe money to be paid at Easter.
It’s hard for an empty bag to stand upright.
We may give advice, but we cannot give conduct.
The second vice is lying; the first is running a debt.
Get what you can, and what you get hold;
Tis the stone that will turn all your lead into gold.
Women and wine, game and deceit,
Make the wealth small, and the wants great.
God helps them that help themselves.
The Way to Wealth: Preface to Poor Richard [Saunders] Improved
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
The good missionary, disgusted with this idle Tale, said, “What I delivered to you were sacred truths; but what you tell me is mere Fable, Fiction, and Falsehood.” The Indian, offended, replied, “My Brother, it seems your friends have not done you justice in your education; they have not well instructed you in the rules of common civility. You saw that we who understand and practice those rules, believed all your stories; you refuse to believe ours?
The good missionary, disgusted with this idle Tale, said, “What I delivered to you were sacred truths; but what you tell me is mere Fable, Fiction, and Falsehood.” The Indian, offended, replied, “My Brother, it seems your friends have not done you justice in your education; they have not well instructed you in the rules of common civility. You saw that we who understand and practice those rules, believed all your stories; you refuse to believe ours?
Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America
When the missionary Jacob Cram delivered a speech to the Seneca Indians of New York, at Buffalo Creek, and WHO responded with a “separatist” position.
Red Jacket in 1805
WHO SAID THIS:
“Brother: Continue to listen. You say that you are sent to instruct us how to worship the Great Spirit agreeably to his mind, and if we do not take hold of the religion you white people teach, we shall be unhappy hereafter. You say you are right and we are lost. How do you know this to be true? We understand that you religion is written in a book. If it was intended for us as well as you, why has not the Great Spirit given it to us, not only to us, but why did he not give to our forefathers the knowledge of that book, with the means of understanding it rightly? We only know what you tell us about it. How shall we know when to believe, being so often deceived by the white people?
Brother: You say there is but one way to worship and serve the Great Spirit. If there is but one religion, why do white people differ so much about it? Why are not all agreed, as you can all read the book?
…The Great Spirit does right. He knows what is best for his children. We are satisfied.
Brother: We do not wish to destroy your religion, or take it from you. We only want to enjoy our own.”
“Brother: Continue to listen. You say that you are sent to instruct us how to worship the Great Spirit agreeably to his mind, and if we do not take hold of the religion you white people teach, we shall be unhappy hereafter. You say you are right and we are lost. How do you know this to be true? We understand that you religion is written in a book. If it was intended for us as well as you, why has not the Great Spirit given it to us, not only to us, but why did he not give to our forefathers the knowledge of that book, with the means of understanding it rightly? We only know what you tell us about it. How shall we know when to believe, being so often deceived by the white people?
Brother: You say there is but one way to worship and serve the Great Spirit. If there is but one religion, why do white people differ so much about it? Why are not all agreed, as you can all read the book?
…The Great Spirit does right. He knows what is best for his children. We are satisfied.
Brother: We do not wish to destroy your religion, or take it from you. We only want to enjoy our own.”
Red Jacket in 1805
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land,
Taught my benighted soul to understand
That there’s a God, that there’s a Saviour too:
Once I redemption neither sought nor knew.
Some view our sable race with scornful eye,
“Their colour is a diabolic die.”
Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain,
May be refin’d and join th’angelic train.
“Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land,
Taught my benighted soul to understand
That there’s a God, that there’s a Saviour too:
Once I redemption neither sought nor knew.
Some view our sable race with scornful eye,
“Their colour is a diabolic die.”
Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain,
May be refin’d and join th’angelic train.
“On the Death of Rev. Mr. George Whitefield, 1779”
WHO IS THIS:
She was a literate Christian black female poet. Not the norm. She argued convincingly that the practice of slavery did not conform to authentic Christianity (which seems obvious to us, but it wasn’t obvious in her own era, because the Devil had fooled a lot of people into believing otherwise—for lack of a more technical explanation)
She was a literate Christian black female poet. Not the norm. She argued convincingly that the practice of slavery did not conform to authentic Christianity (which seems obvious to us, but it wasn’t obvious in her own era, because the Devil had fooled a lot of people into believing otherwise—for lack of a more technical explanation)
Phillis Wheatley
WHO IS THIS:
____ like the most discerning Christian thinkers of the Great Awakening and Enlightenment—was troubled by how many people turned a blind eye to the horrible suffering caused by slavery.
____ like the most discerning Christian thinkers of the Great Awakening and Enlightenment—was troubled by how many people turned a blind eye to the horrible suffering caused by slavery.
Phillis Wheatley
WHO IS THIS:
She had three children, two of whom died before she did. The third died shortly after she died. Wheatley was buried in an unmarked grave.
She had three children, two of whom died before she did. The third died shortly after she died. Wheatley was buried in an unmarked grave.
Phillis Wheatley
WHO IS THIS:
She was granted manumission by Susannah and John Wheatley in 1773, her owners, and she married a free black man a few years later.
She was granted manumission by Susannah and John Wheatley in 1773, her owners, and she married a free black man a few years later.
Phillis Wheatley
WHO IS THIS:
a pioneer par excellence.
a pioneer par excellence.
Phillis Wheatley
What did Crevecoeur’s letters convey?
As The Norton explains, the letters “confirmed, for most readers, a vision of a new land, rich and promising, where enterprise prevailed over class and fashion.” Ben Franklin, if you recall, also celebrated an America in which entrepreneurship, flexibility, and inventiveness made possible a vibrant society.
WHO IS THIS:
While on his farm, he wrote Letters from an American Farmer, under the pseudonym “Farmer James.” He took the letters to London, and they were published in 1782. They were a huge success, because the European markets had an insatiable appetite for all things American.
While on his farm, he wrote Letters from an American Farmer, under the pseudonym “Farmer James.” He took the letters to London, and they were published in 1782. They were a huge success, because the European markets had an insatiable appetite for all things American.
Crevecoeur
WHO IS THIS:
He was a loyalist to the English crown, and this complicated his life, especially after the Revolution was successful (he lived his later years in France).
He was a loyalist to the English crown, and this complicated his life, especially after the Revolution was successful (he lived his later years in France).
Crevecoeur
WHO IS THIS:
he owned a farm in New York for a stretch—before the American Revolution.
he owned a farm in New York for a stretch—before the American Revolution.
Crevecoeur
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“In this great American asylum, the poor of Europe have by some means met together
…Everything has tended to regenerate them; new laws, a new mode of living, a new social system.”
“In this great American asylum, the poor of Europe have by some means met together
…Everything has tended to regenerate them; new laws, a new mode of living, a new social system.”
Crevecoeur
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“Where there is bread, there is one’s fatherland.”
“Where there is bread, there is one’s fatherland.”
Crevecoeur
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“He who would wish to see America in its proper light, and have a true idea of its feeble beginnings and barbarous rudiments, must visit our extended line of frontiers where the last settlers dwell, and where he may see the first labors of settlement, the mode of clearing the earth, in all their different appearances.”
“He who would wish to see America in its proper light, and have a true idea of its feeble beginnings and barbarous rudiments, must visit our extended line of frontiers where the last settlers dwell, and where he may see the first labors of settlement, the mode of clearing the earth, in all their different appearances.”
Crevecoeur
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“In them the name of Englishman, Frenchman, and European is lost, and in like manner, the strict modes of Christianity as practiced in Europe are lost.”
“In them the name of Englishman, Frenchman, and European is lost, and in like manner, the strict modes of Christianity as practiced in Europe are lost.”
Crevecoeur
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“Shall we yet vainly flatter ourselves with the hope of converting the Indians?”
“Shall we yet vainly flatter ourselves with the hope of converting the Indians?”
Crevecoeur
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“Nothing is more common in those countries of wealth, than for persons to lose the abilities of enjoying the comforts of life.”
“Nothing is more common in those countries of wealth, than for persons to lose the abilities of enjoying the comforts of life.”
Crevecoeur
how Crevecoeur sees America as place where religious factionalism fades.
i don’t know, see pages 315-316
WHERE IS THIS FROM:
“Their ears [i.e., the wealthy in Charles-Town, SC] by habit are become deaf; their hearts are hardened; they neither see, hear, nor feel for the woes of their poor slaves.”
“Their ears [i.e., the wealthy in Charles-Town, SC] by habit are become deaf; their hearts are hardened; they neither see, hear, nor feel for the woes of their poor slaves.”
Crevecoeur
T/F: Crevecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer was a commercial failure, mainly because Europeans had no interest in reading about American life.
answer? –>
T/F: Phillis Wheatley was granted manumission only long after the deaths of John and Susannah Wheatley, her owners.
answer? –>
T/F: Jonathan Edwards believed that good works were a cause of salvation.
answer? –>
T/F: Ben Franklin would have been more comfortable in Merry Mount than in Plymouth Plantation.
answer? –>
T/F: Crevecoeur was a staunch supporter of the American Revolution, and he wrote Letters from an American Farmer in an effort to help America gain independence from England.
answer? –>
T/F: In the story about the missionary and the American Indian told by Ben Franklin (Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America), the American Indian is highly impressed by how well the missionary understands the rules of common civility.
answer? –>
This character from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “May-Pole of Merry Mount” was shot in the head, because he was suspected of witchcraft.
answer? –> ______
A. The Priest
B. The Groom
C. The Gatekeeper
D. The Man in the Bear Costume
He argued that the problem of witchcraft in the Salem area threatened “no less than a sort of dissolution upon the world.” He defended the actions taken by the Puritans during the Salem witchcraft trails.
answer? –> ______
A. Cotton Mather
B. William Bradford
C. Anne Bradstreet
D. Edward Taylor
From what European country did the Plymouth Pilgrims move?
answer? –> _______
A. The Netherlands
B. Poland
C. France
D. Germany
E. Melancholy Township, Norway
Where did Christopher Columbus first land in the New World?
answer? –> _______
A. Columbus, Ohio
B. Mexico
C. Florida
D. The Bahamas
E. Columbia