HIST-1302 Chapter 18 Review

A) William Dean Howells.
B) Andrew Carnegie.
C) Walt Whitman.
D) Williams Simms.
E) John Greenleaf Whittier.

A) came in the last third of the nineteenth century.
B) were made during the Civil War.
C) had come in western Europe by 1900.
D) had little effect on the American economy.
E) began with the dawn of the twentieth century.

A) It followed a policy of laissez faire.
B) It closely regulated the pace of the growth.
C) It provided incentives for growth.
D) It balanced agrarian and industrial demands.
E) It increased taxes on industry.

A) an abundance of natural resources
B) a heavy influx of immigrants
C) new technological innovations
D) industrialization of the South
E) an abundance of labor

A) Southwest.
B) Northeast.
C) Pacific.
D) Southeast.
E) Midwest.

A) 10,000,000 people.
B) 76,000,000 people.
C) 111,000,000 people.
D) 150,000,000 people.
E) 260,000,000 people.

A) Kodak cameras.
B) oil.
C) automobiles.
D) railroads.
E) the Bessemer process

A) provided needed jobs for an overabundant labor supply.
B) had little effect on the economic changes of the late nineteenth century.
C) led to an integrated national economic system.
D) had little help from the political system.
E) was not completed until the early twentieth century.

A) there was little competition between the builders.
B) the rail companies managed their money and land wisely.
C) federal and state governments provided important incentives.
D) the western half of the nation was uninhabitable.
E) the South was eager to participate.

A) major railroad trunk lines.
B) competition between owners for local markets.
C) regional marketplaces.
D) international rail systems.
E) a greater number of small rail companies.

A) Cornelius Vanderbilt, railroads
B) J.P. Morgan, U.S. Steel Corp.
C) Andrew Carnegie, Carnegie Steel
D) John D. Rockefeller, oil production and transport
E) Henry Ford, automobiles

A) Sacramento, California.
B) Reno, Nevada.
C) Promontory, Utah.
D) Santa Fe, New Mexico.
E) Salt Lake City, Utah.

A) had difficulty finding the capital to expand.
B) suffered from competition and overexpansion.
C) had consolidated into four major lines.
D) had eliminated competition.
E) were at the peak of their bargaining power.

A) J. P. Morgan.
B) Andrew Carnegie.
C) Andrew Mellon.
D) Albert Fink.
E) E. F. Hutton.

A) competition was the essence of industrial growth.
B) orderly consolidation brought stability to the economy.
C) the American economy should expand as rapidly as possible.
D) the hurly-burly of the marketplace brought order and stability to the economy.
E) railroads were a bad investment.

A) Andrew Carnegie/steel
B) J. P. Morgan/finance
C) Henry Bessemer/railroads
D) John D. Rockefeller/oil
E) William Kelly/steel

A) the production of steel.
B) the production of iron.
C) the number of railroad lines.
D) agricultural output.
E) per capita exports.

A) horizontal integration
B) conglomerate
C) vertical integration
D) corporate management
E) trust

A) ability to consolidate an industry
B) ability to produce high-quality goods at a low cost
C) ability to attract quality subordinates
D) understanding of the rights of workers
E) managerial ability

A) inherited a large family fortune.
B) understood how to organize steel industry management, and its financial structure, to his best advantage.
C) shared profits with subordinates.
D) had no competition from other producers.
E) had worked in the steel industry since childhood.

A) Thomson Steel Works
B) Standard Oil
C) Westinghouse
D) U.S. Steel
E) American Telephone and Telegraph

A) United States Steel.
B) the Northern Securities Company.
C) Standard Oil.
D) Carnegie Steel.
E) the Pennsylvania Railroad.

A) Thomas Edison.
B) John D. Rockefeller.
C) George Eastman.
D) Cyrus Field.
E) Sam Kodak.

A) telephone.
B) post office.
C) telegraph.
D) radio.
E) transatlantic cable.

A) the country imported its technology.
B) the marketplace was oversaturated with goods.
C) American life radically changed.
D) few Americans participated in the economic changes.
E) Americans began to fear technology.

A) typewriter and calculating machine
B) telephone and electricity
C) spindles and sewing machines
D) telegraph and processed meat
E) automobiles and the assembly line

A) Cyrus Field.
B) Thomas Edison.
C) Henry Bessemer.
D) J.P. Morgan.
E) George Westinghouse.

A) Thomas Edison.
B) Benjamin Franklin.
C) Nikola Tesla.
D) Guglielmo Marconi.
E) Alexander Graham Bell.

A) Americans became consumers.
B) The demand for goods increased.
C) The national market was joined in all parts of the nation.
D) Most consumers felt threatened by the new industrial goods.
E) Americans became aware of needs they didn’t know they had before.

A) A & P.
B) Woolworth’s.
C) Sears, Roebuck.
D) Wal-Mart.
E) Montgomery Ward.

A) R. H. Macy
B) Cyrus Field
C) John Wanamaker
D) Richard W. Sears
E) Alvah C. Roebuck

A) drove the prices of goods upward.
B) confused consumers.
C) had little effect on the buying public.
D) created a gulf between consumer and producer.
E) provided convenience and standardization.

A) found equal pay for equal work.
B) were relegated to traditional “feminine” jobs.
C) reaped the rewards of the industrial system.
D) were respected as important income earners.
E) generally had female managers.

A) law
B) accounting
C) the ministry
D) teaching
E) telegraph operation

A) white, native-born females
B) foreign-born males
C) African-American males
D) white, native-born males
E) skilled workers in all categories

A) old work routines to be applicable in the work place.
B) their work environment fluid and unstable.
C) that their work place became personalized.
D) little difficulty in adjusting to the work place.
E) they enjoyed their new jobs.

A) fostering a revolution to overthrow the American political system.
B) ensuring all Americans received equal benefits from the system.
C) creating a nationalized economic system, run by the government.
D) unifying producers and nonproducers in one union.
E) lobbying for a federal health insurance program.

A) were young and single.
B) were married with children.
C) were African American.
D) had many professional opportunities.
E) were widows or single mothers.

A) Jay Gould.
B) Samuel Gompers.
C) Terence Powderly.
D) John L. Lewis.
E) Eugene Debs.

A) American Federation of Labor
B) Teamsters Union
C) Congress of Industrial Organizations
D) Knights of Labor
E) National Labor Union

A) It could not provide effective national leadership.
B) It was unable to organize the workers.
C) It had no successful strikes.
D) It was unable to develop a set of objectives.
E) Terence Powderly was imprisoned.

A) Teamsters Union.
B) Congress of Industrial Organizations.
C) American Federation of Labor.
D) Union of Iron and Steel Workers.
E) Union of Sleeping Car Porters.

A) believed workers would rise in stature.
B) organized skilled and unskilled workers.
C) emphasized economic goals for workers.
D) organized a majority of the workers.
E) hoped all workers could eventually become self-employed.

A) Terence Powderly
B) Samuel Gompers
C) John L. Lewis
D) Uriah S. Stephens
E) Eugene Debs

A) enthusiastically supported their needs.
B) either ignored or opposed them as members.
C) brought important changes in the work place.
D) allowed them into leadership positions.
E) encouraged all producing women to join.

A) It was to be a mass meeting of workers organized by an anarchist group to protest the shooting of workers the previous day by Chicago police.

B) Agents of the Soviet Union infiltrated the meeting to cause violence that resulted in the arrest of several anarchist leaders, their trial for murder, and the execution of some of those leaders.

C) All types of working men were invited including foreign-born immigrants.

D) Definite organizational skills and the ability to respond immediately to situations is demonstrated in this poster.

E) The mass meeting called for in this poster resulted in the Haymarket Bombing Incident and the death or injury of several in the Chicago police force.

A) the welfare of the workers dictated wages.
B) supply and demand regulated wages.
C) all workers should be treated the same.
D) the quality of work should be determined by the managers.
E) wages should remain unchanged as long as possible.

A) steel workers.
B) cowboys.
C) railroad workers.
D) oil workers.
E) textile workers.

A) upheld workers’ rights.
B) struck down a state law limiting the number of hours workers work each week.
C) outlawed the use of injunctions in labor disputes.
D) formally recognized the American Federation of Labor as the nation’s labor union.
E) upheld a law limiting working hours for miners.

A) brought public sympathy to the plight of the workers.
B) strengthened the national labor movement.
C) weakened the national labor movement.
D) forced government regulation of unions.
E) took place in New York City.

A) forced management to meet the workers’ demands.
B) was resolved through negotiation and bargaining.
C) had little interference from the government.
D) emphasized the cost of industrialization.
E) was peaceful compared to Haymarket.