Astrophysics and Communications Principles
Apparent brightness
The amount of energy per second received per unit area
Luminosity
The total amount of energy emitted by the star per second
Asteroid
Rocky object ranging in size from dust particle to several 100 kilometers in radius
Asteroid belt
Asteroids found collectively between Mars and Jupiter
Comets
Mixtures of rock and ice in elliptical orbit around sun, “tails” point away from sun
Stefan-Boltzmann law
L=(Boltzmann constant)xAxT^4
Mass Luminosity Relationship for MS
L is proportional to m^3.5
Chandrasekhar Limit
White dwarfs cannot be formed by main sequence stars bigger than 4M since there cores will be too big (white dwarfs have a mass of 1.4M or lower)
Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit
A neutron star will remain stable as long as its mass is not greater than 3M
Critical Density
The minimum density of matter required for a large enough force of gravity to result to cause the universe to contract
Sidebands
The two components into which a carrier frequency splits due to the signal wave