Holt Mcdougal Biology chapter 6 vocab

all the cells of your body except your sex cells

reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells. Haploid

chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structured, and that pair during meisosis

chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual

one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human, contains genes that will determine the sex of the individual, X and Y

reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete

fusion of male and female gametes

an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number

an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, half of a diploid

Form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cells into haploid cells. Essential for sexual reproduction.

production of gametes through meiosis and other changes

the male gamete

the female gamete

Byproduct of meiosis, cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down.

distinguishing characteristics that are inherited

The scientific study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms

the offspring of many generations that have the same traits

the mating of two organisms

Mendel’s first law
-Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent
-Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. Thus, the two copies of each gene segregate, or separate, during gamete formation.

a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein.

Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus

having identical alleles at a specific locus

having dissimilar alleles at a specific locus

all of an organism’s genetic material

genetic makeup of of a specific set of genes

the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism

the allele that is expressed when two different alleles or two dominant alleles are present

the allele that is expressed only when two copies are present

a chart that shows all the possible genotypes that can result from a genetic cross

Crosses that examine the inheritance of only one specific trait

a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype

crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits

states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meiosis.

the likelihood that a particular event will happen

the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during the prophase I and meiosis I

genes located close together tend to be inherited together